Matanda echisikigo nesimbi zvakave zvakakosha zvekuvakisa vanhu kwezviuru zvemakore.Mapolymers ekugadzira atinoti mapurasitiki ichangobva kugadzirwa yakaputika muzana remakore rechi20.
Zvose zviri zviviri simbi nemapurasitiki zvine zvivakwa zvinonyatsokodzera kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri nekutengeserana.Simbi dzakasimba, dzakasimba, uye dzinogara dzakasimba kumhepo, mvura, kupisa, uye kushushikana nguva dzose.Zvisinei, zvinodawo zvimwe zvinhu (zvinoreva kuti zvinodhura) kubudisa nekunatsa zvigadzirwa zvavo.Plasitiki inopa mamwe mabasa esimbi asi ichida mashoma mashoma uye yakachipa zvakanyanya kugadzira.Zvinhu zvadzo zvinogona kugadziridzwa kunenge chero kushandiswa.Zvisinei, mapurasitiki ekutengesa akachipa anogadzira zvinhu zvinotyisa zvemaumbirwo: midziyo yepurasitiki haisi chinhu chakanaka, uye hapana anoda kugara muimba yepurasitiki.Kuwedzera, ivo vanowanzocheneswa kubva kumafuta emafuta.
Mune mamwe maapplication, huni hwechisikigo hunogona kukwikwidza nesimbi nemapurasitiki.Dzimba zhinji dzemhuri dzakavakwa nemapuranga.Dambudziko nderekuti huni hwepanyama hwakapfava uye hwakanyanya kukuvadzwa nemvura kuti hutsive plastiki nesimbi nguva zhinji.Pepa richangobva kubuda. yakabudiswa mumagazini Matter inoongorora kusikwa kwehuni hwakaomeswa zvinhu zvinokunda zvipingamupinyi izvi.Iyi tsvakurudzo yakaguma nekugadzirwa kwemapanga emapuranga nezvipikiri.Banga remapuranga rakanaka sei uye iwe ucharishandisa chero nguva munguva pfupi?
Iyo fibrous dhizaini yehuni ine angangoita 50% cellulose, yakasikwa polymer ine theoretically yakanaka simba zvivakwa.Hafu yasara yemapuranga chimiro inonyanya kuve lignin uye hemicellulose.Apo cellulose inogadzira yakareba, yakaoma fiber inopa huni nemusana wezvakasikwa. simba, hemicellulose ine zvishoma zvakabatana chimiro uye nokudaro haibatsiri chinhu kusimba rehuni.Lignin inozadza mavhodhi pakati peselulosi fiber uye inoita mabasa anobatsira ehuni mhenyu.Asi nechinangwa chevanhu chekugadzirisa huni uye kusunga mafiibhi ayo cellulose zvakanyanya kusimba pamwe chete, lignin yakava chipingamupinyi.
Muchidzidzo ichi, huni hwepanyama hwakaitwa huni hwakaoma (HW) mumatanho mana.Kutanga, huni hunobikwa mu sodium hydroxide uye sodium sulfate kuti ibvise imwe yehemicellulose uye lignin.Mushure memishonga iyi yemakemikari, huni hunova denser nekutsikirira. Iri muchitsikiro kwemaawa anoverengeka patembiricha yekamuri.Izvi zvinoderedza maburi echisikigo kana pores muhuni uye zvinowedzera kemikari kubatana pakati pemafibhi epadyo necellulose.Zvino, huni hunotsikirirwa pa105° C (221° F) kwemamwe mashoma. maawa kuti apedze densification, uye ipapo akaomeswa.Pakupedzisira, huni inonyudzwa mumafuta emaminerari kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere kuita chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chisina mvura.
Imwe mechanical property yechinhu chekuvaka indentation hardness, inova chiyero chekugona kwayo kuramba deformation kana yakasvinwa nesimba. Dhaimondi rakaoma kudarika simbi, rakaoma kudarika goridhe, rakaoma kudarika huni, uye rakaoma kudarika kurongedza furo. Pakati pezvizhinji zveinjiniya. miedzo inoshandiswa kuona kuoma, zvakadai sekuoma kweMohs kunoshandiswa mu gemology, bvunzo yeBrinell ndechimwe chazvo.Pfungwa yaro iri nyore: bhora rakaoma resimbi rinotakura rinomanikidzwa mukati memuedzo wepamusoro neimwe simba.Era hupamhi hwedenderedzwa. indentation yakagadzirwa nebhora.The Brinell hardness value inoverengwa pachishandiswa masvomhu formula;kutaura zvisina kufanira, gomba rinorova bhora rakakura, zvinhu zvinopfava.Mubvunzo uyu, HW yakaoma ka23 pane huni chaihwo.
Mazhinji huni husina kucheneswa huchatora mvura.Izvi zvinogona kuwedzera huni uye pakupedzisira kuparadza maitiro ayo ekugadzirisa.Vanyori vakashandisa mazuva maviri emaminerari soak kuti vawedzere kupikisa kwemvura yeHW, zvichiita kuti iwedzere hydrophobic ("kutya mvura"). Muedzo we hydrophobicity unosanganisira kuisa donhwe remvura pamusoro.Iyo yakanyanya hydrophobic pamusoro, iyo inowedzera spherical madonhwe emvura. inotora mvura nyore nyore) .Saka, mineral soaking haisi kungowedzera zvakanyanya hydrophobicity yeHW, asiwo inodzivirira huni kubva pakunwa unyoro.
Mune mamwe maedzo einjiniya, mapanga eHW akaita zvirinani zvishoma pane mapanga esimbi.Vanyori vanoti banga reHW rakapinza zvakapetwa katatu sebanga rinowanikwa mune zvekutengesa.Zvisinei, pane caveat kune ichi chinonakidza chigumisiro.Vatsvakurudzi vari kuenzanisa mapanga etafura, kana kuti tingati mapanga ebhota.Izvi hazvireve kuti zvakanyanya kupinza.Vanyori vanoratidza vhidhiyo yebanga ravo vachicheka nyama yenyama, asi munhu mukuru akasimba zvine mutsindo anogona kucheka nyama imwe chete nedivi rakagomara reforogo yesimbi, uye banga rekudya raizoshanda zviri nani.
Ko zvipikiri?Chipikiri chimwe chete cheHW sezviri pachena chinogona kuroverwa nyore nyore kuita murwi wemapuranga matatu, kunyangwe isina kutsanangurwa sezviri nyore kana zvichienzaniswa nezvipikiri zvesimbi.Mapegi emapuranga anogona ipapo kubata mapuranga pamwe chete, achipikisa simba rinobvarura. ivo vakaparadzana, pamwe nekuoma kwakafanana sehoko dzesimbi.Mukuedzwa kwavo, zvisinei, mapuranga muzviitiko zvose zviri zviviri akakundikana kana chipikiri chisati chakundikana, saka zvipikiri zvakasimba hazvina kuonekwa.
Zvipikiri zveHW zviri nani nedzimwe nzira here?Mapegi emapuranga akareruka, asi huremu hwechivakwa hahunyanyi kufambiswa nehukuru hwehoko dzinoibata pamwe chete.Mapegi emapuranga haaite ngura.Zvisinei, haapindire mvura kana kuti biodecompose.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti munyori akagadzira nzira yekugadzira huni yakasimba kudarika huni hwechisikigo.Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwehardware kune chero basa ripi zvaro kunoda kuwedzera kudzidza.Ingave yakachipa uye isina zviwanikwa sepurasitiki?Inogona kukwikwidzana nesimba rakasimba. , zvimwe zvinokwezva, zvisingaverengeki reusable simbi zvinhu?Ongororo yavo inomutsa mibvunzo inonakidza.Ongoing engineering (uye pakupedzisira musika) achavapindura.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-13-2022
