Matanda echisikigo nesimbi zvakave zvakakosha zvekuvakisa vanhu kwezviuru zvemakore.Mapolymers ekugadzira atinoti mapurasitiki ichangobva kugadzirwa yakaputika muzana remakore rechi20.
Zvose zviri zviviri simbi nemapurasitiki zvine zvinhu zvinonyatsokodzera kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri nekutengeserana.Simbi dzakasimba, dzakasimba, uye dzinogara dzakagadzikana kumhepo, mvura, kupisa, uye kugara uchinetseka.Zvisinei, dzinodawo zviwanikwa zvakawanda (zvinoreva kudhura zvakanyanya) kugadzira nekunatsa zvigadzirwa zvavo.Plastiki inopa mamwe emabasa esimbi asi ichida mashoma mashoma uye yakachipa kwazvo kushandisa chero zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinogona kugadzirwa zvakachipa. zvinhu zvinotyisa zvemaitiro: midziyo yepurasitiki haisi chinhu chakanaka, uye hapana anoda kugara muimba yepurasitiki.Kuwedzera, ivo vanowanzonatswa kubva kumafuta emafuta.
Mune mamwe maapplication, huni hwechisikigo hunogona kukwikwidzana nesimbi nemapurasitiki.Dzimba zhinji dzemhuri dzakavakwa nemapuranga.Dambudziko nderekuti matanda echisikigo akapfava uye ari nyore kukuvadzwa nemvura kuti atsive mapurasitiki nesimbi nguva zhinji.Bepa richangoburwa rakabudiswa mujenari Matter rinoongorora kusikwa kwehuni hwakaomeswa hunokunda zvipingamupinyi izvi.Kutsvakurudza uku kwakaguma nekugadzirwa kwemapuranga emapuranga nguva ipi neipi uye zvipikiri zvinoshandisa nguva ipi neipi mapanga uye zvipikiri zvichave zvakanaka sei?
Iyo fibrous chimiro chehuni chinosanganisira anenge 50% cellulose, yakasikwa polymer ine theoretically yakanaka simba zvinhu.Iyo yakasara hafu yehuni dhizaini inonyanya kuita lignin uye hemicellulose.Kunyange zvazvo cellulose inoumba yakareba, yakaoma fiber inopa huni nemusana wesimba rayo rechisikigo, hemicellulose ine zvishoma inobatana chimiro uye nokudaro haibatsiri chinhu kune iyo fibers cellulose yehuni uye haibatsiri chinhu kune hunid cellulose. mabasa anobatsira ehuni mhenyu.Asi nekuda kwechinangwa chevanhu chekugadzira huni nekusunga mafiinzi ecellulose zvakasimba pamwe chete, lignin yakava chipingamupinyi.
Muchidzidzo ichi, huni hwepanyama hwakaitwa huni hwakaomeswa (HW) mumatanho mana.Kutanga, huni hunobikwa mu sodium hydroxide uye sodium sulfate kuti ibvise imwe yehemicellulose uye lignin.Mushure mekugadzirwa kwemakemikari aya, huni hunova denser nekuitsikirira mukudhinda kwemaawa akawanda pakupisa kwekamuri.Izvi zvinoderedza zvisikwa zvechisikigo kana pores mukati mehuni yehuni uye inowedzera chidimbu chemiti. huni inomanikidzwa pa 105 ° C (221 ° F) kwemaawa mashomanana kuti ipedze densification, uye yobva yaoma.Pakupedzisira, huni hunonyudzwa mumafuta emaminerari kwemaawa 48 kuita kuti chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chisapinda mvura.
Imwe mechanical property yechinhu chekugadzirisa indentation hardness, iyo chiyero chekukwanisa kwayo kupikisa deformation kana yakasvinwa nesimba.Daimondi yakaoma kudarika simbi, yakaoma kudarika goridhe, yakaoma kudarika matanda, uye yakaoma kudarika kutakura foam.Pakati pemiyedzo yakawanda yeinjiniya inoshandiswa kuona kuoma, seMohs kuoma kunoshandiswa mu gemology, iyo imwe yeBrinell test ndeyekuoma kwesimbi ndeye Brinell test. yakatsikirirwa mu test surface neimwe simba.Yera dhayamita yedenderedzwa indentation yakagadzirwa nebhora.The Brinell hardness value inoverengwa pachishandiswa mathematical formula; kutaura zvisina kufanira, gomba rinorova bhora rakakura, zvinhu zvinopfava.Mubvunzo uyu, HW yakaoma ka23 pane huni chaihwo.
Mazhinji huni husina kucheneswa huchatora mvura.Izvi zvinogona kuwedzera huni uye pakupedzisira kuparadza maitiro ayo ekugadzirisa.Vanyori vakashandisa mazuva maviri emaminerari soak kuti awedzere kumira kwemvura yeHW, zvichiita kuti ive yakawanda hydrophobic ("kutya mvura").Kuongorora kwehydrophobicity kunosanganisira kuisa donho remvura pamusoro.The more hydrophobic the surface. ("mvura-inoda") pamusoro, kune rumwe rutivi, inoparadzira madonhwe akadzika (uye anobva atora mvura nyore nyore) . Nokudaro, mineral soaking haisi kungowedzera zvakanyanya hydrophobicity yeHW, asiwo inodzivirira huni kubva pakunwa unyoro.
Mune mamwe maedzo einjiniya, mapanga eHW akaita zviri nani zvishoma pane mapanga esimbi.Vanyori vanoti banga reHW rinopinza zvakapetwa katatu sebanga rinowanikwa rekutengesa.Zvisinei, pane caveat kune ichi chigumisiro chinonakidza.Vatsvakurudzi vari kuenzanisa mapanga etafura, kana izvo zvatingadaidza mapanga ebhota.Izvi hazvireve kuti zvive zvakanyanya kucheka chikonzero chevanhu vakuru steak. zvichida kucheka nyama yenyama imwe chete nerutivi rwakagomara rweforogo yesimbi, uye banga remhuka raizoshanda zviri nani zvikuru.
Zvakadini nezvipikiri?Chipikiri chimwe chete cheHW chinogona kuroverwa nyore nyore mumurwi wemapuranga matatu, kunyange zvazvo isina kutsanangurwa sezvairi nyore zvichienzaniswa nezvipikiri zvesimbi.Mapegi emapuranga anogona zvino kubata mapuranga pamwe chete, achipikisa simba raizoabvarura, pamwe nekuoma kwakafanana sehoko dzesimbi.Mumiedzo yavo, zvisinei, zvipikiri zvisati zvave zvakakundikana pamberi pezvipikiri zviviri zvakakundikana.
Zvipikiri zveHW zviri nani nedzimwe nzira here?Mapegi emapuranga akareruka, asi huremu hwechivakwa hahunyanyi kusvetwa nehukuru hwehoko dzinoibata pamwe chete.Mapegi emapuranga haaite ngura.Zvisinei, haizopindiri mumvura kana kuodza.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti munyori akagadzira nzira yekuita matanda akasimba kupfuura matanda echisikigo.Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwehardware kune chero basa ripi zvaro kunoda kuwedzera kudzidza.Ingave yakachipa uye isina zviwanikwa sepurasitiki?Inogona kukwikwidzana nesimbi yakasimba, inoyevedza, isingagumi inogona kushandiswazve?Kutsvakurudza kwavo kunomutsa mibvunzo inofadza.Injiniya inoenderera mberi (uye pakupedzisira musika) ichavapindura.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-13-2022
