Carbide ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kirasi ye-high-speed machining (HSM) zvishandiso zvekushandisa, izvo zvinogadzirwa nehupfu metallurgy maitiro uye zvinosanganisira yakaoma carbide (kazhinji tungsten carbide WC) zvimedu uye yakapfava simbi bond kuumbwa.Parizvino, kune mazana eWC-based cemented carbides ane maumbirwo akasiyana, mazhinji ayo anoshandisa cobalt (Co) sebhainda, nickel (Ni) uye chromium (Cr) anowanzo shandiswa binder zvinhu, uye zvimwe zvinogona kuwedzerwa. .zvimwe alloying elements.Neiko kune magiredhi ecarbide akawanda kudaro?Vagadziri vezvishandiso vanosarudza sei chishandiso chakakodzera chekushandisa chaiyo yekucheka?Kuti tipindure mibvunzo iyi, ngatitangei titarise kune akasiyana zvivakwa anoita simende carbide chinhu chakanakira chishandiso.
kuoma uye kuoma
WC-Co cemented carbide ine yakasarudzika mabhenefiti mune zvese kuoma uye kuoma.Tungsten carbide (WC) yakaoma kwazvo (kupfuura corundum kana alumina), uye kuoma kwayo hakuwanzo kuderera sezvo tembiricha yekushanda inowedzera.Nekudaro, inoshaya kusimba kwakakwana, chinhu chakakosha chekucheka maturusi.Kuti vatore mukana wekuomarara kwetungsten carbide uye nekuvandudza kuomarara kwayo, vanhu vanoshandisa simbi zvisungo kubatanidza tungsten carbide pamwe chete, kuitira kuti chinyorwa ichi chive nekuoma kwakanyanya kudarika kwesimbi inomhanya kwazvo, uku vachikwanisa kutsungirira kucheka kwakawanda. mabasa.kucheka simba.Mukuwedzera, inogona kumira kutsetseka kwepamusoro kwekucheka kunokonzerwa ne-high-speed machining.
Nhasi, anenge ese eWC-Co mapanga uye anoisa akaputirwa, saka basa reiyo base zvinhu rinoratidzika kushomeka.Asi kutaura zvazviri, ndiyo yakakwira elastic modulus yeWC-Co zvinhu (chiyero chekuomarara, ingangoita katatu iyo yesimbi inomhanya-mhanya patembiricha yekamuri) inopa iyo isinga gadzirisiki substrate yekupfeka.Iyo WC-Co matrix inopawo kuoma kunodiwa.Izvi zvivakwa ndizvo zvekutanga zvimiro zveWC-Co zvinhu, asi zvinhu zvemukati zvinogona zvakare kugadzirwa nekugadzirisa kuumbwa kwezvinhu uye microstructure paunenge uchigadzira simende carbide powders.Naizvozvo, kukodzera kwekushanda kwechishandiso kune chaiwo machining kunoenderana zvakanyanya padanho rekutanga rekugaya.
Milling process
Tungsten carbide poda inowanikwa ne carburizing tungsten (W) poda.Hunhu hwetungsten carbide poda (kunyanya saizi yayo) inonyanya kutsamira pakukura kweiyo mbishi tungsten hupfu uye tembiricha uye nguva yecarburization.Kudzora kemikari kunokosha zvakare, uye kabhoni yemukati inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nguva dzose (padyo neiyo stoichiometric kukosha kwe6.13% nekurema).Huwandu hushoma hwevanadium uye/kana chromium hunogona kuwedzerwa pamberi pekurapa kwecarburizing kuitira kudzora saizi yehupfu kuburikidza nemaitiro anotevera.Mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana epasi pemvura uye akasiyana ekugadzirisa kushandiswa kunoda musanganiswa chaiwo we tungsten carbide particle size, kabhoni yemukati, vanadium yemukati uye chromium yemukati, kuburikidza iyo akasiyana akasiyana tungsten carbide poda anogona kugadzirwa.Semuyenzaniso, ATI Alldyne, inogadzira tungsten carbide poda, inogadzira 23 magiredhi akajairwa etungsten carbide poda, uye mhando dzetungsten carbide poda yakagadziridzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi inogona kusvika kanopfuura ka5 kune emagiredhi akajairwa etungsten carbide poda.
Pakusanganisa nekukuya tungsten carbide poda uye simbi bond kugadzira imwe giredhi yecemented carbide poda, musanganiswa wakasiyana unogona kushandiswa.Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa cobalt yemukati ndeye 3% - 25% (yeyeyero yehuremu), uye mune iyo nyaya yekuda kusimudzira kushora kwechishandiso, zvakakosha kuwedzera nickel uye chromium.Mukuwedzera, chisungo chesimbi chinogona kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera zvimwe zvikamu zvealloy.Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera ruthenium kuWC-Co cemented carbide inogona kuvandudza kuoma kwayo pasina kuderedza kuoma kwayo.Kuwedzera zvirimo zvebinder zvinogona zvakare kuvandudza kuoma kwecemented carbide, asi zvinoderedza kuoma kwayo.
Kuderedza saizi ye tungsten carbide zvimedu zvinogona kuwedzera kuoma kwezvinhu, asi saizi ye tungsten carbide inofanira kuramba yakafanana panguva yekupisa.Munguva yekupisa, tungsten carbide zvimedu zvinosangana uye kukura kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekuparara uye kudzoreredza.Mune chaiyo sintering process, kuitira kuti iite dense zvinhu zvakakwana, iyo simbi bond inova mvura (inonzi liquid phase sintering).Kukura kwetungsten carbide particles kunogona kudzorwa nekuwedzera mamwe masimbi ekuchinja, kusanganisira vanadium carbide (VC), chromium carbide (Cr3C2), titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), uye niobium carbide (NbC).Iyi carbides yesimbi inowanzowedzerwa kana tungsten carbide powder yakasanganiswa uye yakagayiwa nesimbi bond, kunyange vanadium carbide uye chromium carbide inogonawo kuumbwa apo tungsten carbide powder yakasvibiswa.
Tungsten carbide poda inogonawo kugadzirwa nekushandisa tsvina yakadzokororwa yakasimwa carbide zvinhu.Iko kudzokororwa uye kushandiswazve kwe scrap carbide ine nhoroondo yakareba muindasitiri ye simende ye carbide uye chikamu chakakosha chese chain yehupfumi yeindasitiri, zvichibatsira kuderedza mari yezvinhu, kuchengetedza zviwanikwa uye kudzivirira kutambisa zvinhu.Kurasa kunokuvadza.Scrap cemented carbide inogona kushandiswa zvakare neAPT (ammonium paratungstate) process, zinc recovery process kana nekupwanya.Aya "akadzokororwa" tungsten carbide poda anowanzo kuve nani, inofanotaura densification nekuti ine diki pamusoro penzvimbo pane tungsten carbide poda inogadzirwa zvakananga kuburikidza netungsten carburizing process.
Mamiriro ekugadzirisa eiyo yakasanganiswa yekukuya ye tungsten carbide poda uye simbi bond zvakare akakosha maitiro paramita.Idzi nzira mbiri dzinonyanya kushandiswa kugaya ibhora kugaya uye micromilling.Maitiro ese ari maviri anogonesa kusanganiswa kwakafanana kwehupfu hwakagayiwa uye kuderedzwa saizi yechikamu.Kuti uite kuti gare gare yakatsikirirwa workpiece ine simba rakakwana, kuchengetedza chimiro chebasa rekushanda, uye kugonesa mushandisi kana manipulator kuti atore workpiece yekushanda, zvinowanzodiwa kuwedzera organic binder panguva yekukuya.Iyo kemikari yemhando yechisungo ichi inogona kukanganisa kuwanda uye kusimba kweiyo yakadzvanywa workpiece.Kuti ufambise kubata, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera mabhaidha akasimba, asi izvi zvinokonzeresa kuderera kwekubatana uye zvinogona kuburitsa mapundu anogona kukonzera kukanganisa muchigadzirwa chekupedzisira.
Mushure mekugaya, hupfu hunowanzo kupfapfaidzwa-kuomeswa kuburitsa mahara-anoyerera agglomerates akabatwa pamwechete nema organic binder.Nekugadzirisa kuumbwa kweiyo organic binder, kuyerera uye kubhadharisa density yeaya agglomerates anogona kugadzirwa sezvaunoda.Nekutarisa kunze kwakaomarara kana akakwenenzverwa zvimedu, iyo particle saizi yekugovera yeagglomerate inogona kugadzirwa zvakare kuti ive nechokwadi chekuyerera kwakanaka kana yakatakurwa mugomba rekuumbwa.
Kugadzira workpiece
Carbide workpieces inogona kuumbwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekuita.Zvichienderana nehukuru hwechishandiso, chiyero chechimiro chakaoma, uye batch yekugadzira, akawanda ekucheka anopinza anoumbwa achishandisa kumusoro- uye pasi-kumanikidza kuomarara kunofa.Kuti uchengetedze kuwirirana kwehuremu hwebasa uye saizi panguva yekutsikirira kwega kwega, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti huwandu hwehupfu (huremu uye vhoriyamu) inoyerera ichipinda mugomba yakangofanana.Kuyerera kwehupfu kunonyanya kudzorwa nekugoverwa kwehukuru hweagglomerates uye zvinhu zveiyo organic binder.Zvishandiso zvakaumbwa (kana kuti "zvisina kuvharwa") zvinoumbwa nekushandisa kuumbwa kwe10-80 ksi (kilo pounds per square foot) kune hupfu hwakatakurwa mugomba remuvhu.
Kunyangwe pasi pekumanikidza kwakanyanya kwekuumbwa, iyo yakaoma tungsten carbide zvimedu hazvizokanganise kana kutsemuka, asi iyo organic binder inotsikirirwa mumikaha pakati petungsten carbide particles, nokudaro kugadzirisa nzvimbo yezvimedu.Iyo yakakwira kudzvanywa, ndiko kusimba kwekubatana kwe tungsten carbide particles uye kukura kwe compaction density yeworkpiece.Iyo yekuumba zvimiro zvemagiredhi ecemented carbide poda inogona kusiyana, zvichienderana nezviri mukati mesimbi binder, saizi uye chimiro chetungsten carbide zvidimbu, dhigirii rekubatana, uye kuumbwa uye kuwedzera kweiyo organic binder.Kuti upe ruzivo rwehuwandu nezve compaction zvivakwa zvemagiredhi ecemented carbide powders, hukama pakati pehupfu hwehupfu uye kuumbwa kwekumanikidza kunowanzo gadzirwa uye kuvakwa nemugadziri wehupfu.Ruzivo urwu runoita kuti hupfu hunopihwa hunoenderana nemagadzirirwo emugadziri wemidziyo.
Mahombe-mahombe e carbide workpieces kana carbide workpieces ane high aspect ratios (senge shanks ekupedzisira zvigayo uye zviboorero) anowanzo gadzirwa kubva kune zvakafanana akatsikirirwa mamakisi ecarbide poda mubhegi rinochinjika.Kunyangwe kutenderera kwekugadzirwa kweiyo yakaenzana yekutsikirira nzira yakareba kupfuura iyo yekuumba nzira, mutengo wekugadzira chishandiso wakaderera, saka nzira iyi inonyanya kukodzera kugadzirwa kwebatch diki.
Iyi nzira yekugadzirisa ndeyekuisa hupfu muhomwe, uye kuvhara muromo webhegi, uye woisa bhegi rizere nehupfu muimba, uye shandisa kumanikidzwa kwe 30-60ksi kuburikidza ne hydraulic device kuti utsike.Akadzvanywa workpieces anowanzo kugadzirwa kune chaiwo geometries isati yaita sintering.Saizi yesaga inokwidziridzwa kuti igone kubata workpiece shrinkage panguva yekumisikidzwa uye kupa margin yakakwana yekukuya mabasa.Sezvo workpiece inoda kugadziriswa mushure mekudzvinyirira, zvinodiwa zvekuenderana kwekuchaja hazvina kusimba sezviya zvekuumba nzira, asi zvichiri kudikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti chiyero chakafanana chehupfu chinotakurwa muhomwe nguva imwe neimwe.Kana iyo yekuchaja density yehupfu yakanyanya kudiki, inogona kutungamirira kuhupfu husina kukwana muhomwe, zvichikonzera kuti workpiece ive diki uye ichifanira kuraswa.Kana iyo yekurodha density yehupfu yakawandisa, uye hupfu hwakatakurwa mubhegi hwakawandisa, iyo workpiece inoda kugadziriswa kuti ibvise hupfu hwakawanda mushure mekudzvanywa.Kunyangwe iyo yakawandisa poda yakabviswa uye yakaraswa workpiece inogona kudzokororwa, kuita izvi kunoderedza kugadzirwa.
Carbide workpieces inogonawo kuumbwa uchishandisa extrusion inofa kana jekiseni inofa.Iyo extrusion molding process inonyanya kukodzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda kweaxisymmetric shape workpieces, nepo jekiseni rekugadzira rinowanzo shandiswa kugadzirwa kwemazhinji eakaomesesa shape workpieces.Mune ese ari maviri maitiro ekuumba, mamakisi ecemented carbide poda anomiswa mune organic binder inopa mushonga wemazino-kufanana kuenderana kune simende carbide musanganiswa.Komboni yacho inozoburitswa nepaburi kana kubaiwa mugomba kuti iumbe.Hunhu hwegiredhi recemented carbide poda inoona iyo optimum reshiyo yehupfu kune binder mumusanganiswa, uye ine simba rakakosha pakuyerera kwemusanganiswa kuburikidza negomba rekuburitsa kana jekiseni mukati memhango.
Mushure mekunge iyo workpiece yakaumbwa nekuumbwa, isostatic kudzvanya, extrusion kana jekiseni kuumba, iyo organic binder inoda kubviswa kubva paworkpiece pamberi pekupedzisira sintering nhanho.Sintering inobvisa porosity kubva kune workpiece, ichiita kuti iite zvizere (kana zvakanyanya) dense.Panguva yekunyungudika, iyo simbi chisungo mushipi-yakaumbwa workpiece inova mvura, asi workpiece inochengeta chimiro chayo pasi pechiito chakasanganiswa che capillary masimba uye chidimbu chinongedzo.
Mushure mekupisa, iyo workpiece geometry inoramba yakafanana, asi zviyero zvakaderedzwa.Kuti uwane saizi inodiwa yeworkpiece mushure mekunyungudika, iyo shrinkage rate inofanirwa kutariswa kana uchigadzira chishandiso.Giredhi rehupfu hwecarbide hunoshandiswa kugadzira chishandiso chega chega chinofanira kugadzirwa kuti ive neiyo shrinkage chaiyo kana yakaumbwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakakodzera.
Munenge mune zvese zviitiko, post-sintering kurapwa kweiyo sintered workpiece inodiwa.Kunyanya kurapwa kwekucheka midziyo ndeyekurodza kucheka.Zvishandiso zvakawanda zvinoda kukuya kweiyo geometry uye zviyero mushure mekupisa.Mamwe maturusi anoda kukuya kumusoro nepasi;zvimwe zvinoda kugaya kweparutivi (paine kana kuti pasina kurodza kuchekwa).Yese carbide machipisi kubva mukukuya anogona kushandiswazve.
Workpiece coating
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, iyo yakapedzwa workpiece inoda kuputirwa.Iyo yekuputira inopa lubricity uye yakawedzera kuomarara, pamwe nekupararira chipingamupinyi kune substrate, kudzivirira oxidation kana yaiswa kune yakanyanya tembiricha.Iyo cemented carbide substrate yakakosha pakuita kwekupfeka.Mukuwedzera pakugadzirisa zvinhu zvikuru zvehupfu hwematrix, nzvimbo yepamusoro yematrix inogonawo kugadziriswa nekusarudzwa kwemakemikari uye kushandura nzira ye sintering.Kuburikidza nekufamba kwecobalt, cobalt yakawanda inogona kuve yakafumiswa mukati mekunze kwechidzitiro cheblade mukati mehupamhi hwe20-30 μm inoenderana nekusara kweiyo workpiece, nekudaro ichipa pamusoro peiyo substrate simba riri nani uye kuoma, zvichiita kuti iwedzere. inopikisa deformation.
Zvichienderana nemaitiro avo ekugadzira (senge nzira yekudzikisa, mwero wekudziya, nguva yekupisa, tembiricha uye carburizing voltage), mugadziri wezvishandiso anogona kunge aine zvimwe zvakakosha zvegiredhi resimende carbide poda inoshandiswa.Vamwe vanogadzira maturusi vanogona kupinza chishandiso muchoto chevacuum, nepo vamwe vanogona kushandisa inopisa isostatic pressing (HIP) sintering furnace (iyo inomanikidza workpiece pedyo nekunopera kwemaitiro ekutenderera kubvisa chero zvisaririra) pores).Zvishandiso zvakasimwa muchoto chevacuum zvinogona zvakare kutsvairwa isostatically kudzvanywa kuburikidza neimwe nzira yekuwedzera kuwanda kweiyo workpiece.Vamwe vagadziri vezvishandiso vanogona kushandisa yakakwira vacuum sintering tembiricha kuwedzera sintered density yemisanganiswa ine yakaderera cobalt zvemukati, asi nzira iyi inogona kushatisa microstructure yavo.Kuti uchengetedze saizi yakanaka yezviyo, hupfu hune diki saizi ye tungsten carbide inogona kusarudzwa.Kuti ienderane neyakagadzirwa midziyo yekugadzira, iyo dewaxing mamiriro uye carburizing voltage zvakare ine zvakasiyana zvinodiwa kune kabhoni yemukati mune simende carbide poda.
Grade classification
Musanganiswa shanduko dzemhando dzakasiyana dzetungsten carbide poda, musanganiswa kuumbwa uye simbi binder zvemukati, mhando uye huwandu hwezviyo kukura inhibitor, nezvimwewo, zvinoumba akasiyana-siyana akasimwa carbide mamakisi.Aya ma parameter anozotarisa iyo microstructure ye simende carbide uye zvimiro zvayo.Mamwe masanganiswa ezvivakwa akave ekutanga kune mamwe chaiwo mashandisirwo ekugadzirisa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvine musoro kurongedza akasiyana cemented carbide mamakisi.
Iwo maviri anonyanya kushandiswa carbide classification masisitimu ekushandisa machining ndeye C yekududza system uye ISO yekududza system.Kunyangwe pasina sisitimu inonyatso ratidza zvinhu zvemukati zvinopesvedzera kusarudzwa kwemagiredhi akasimirirwa ecarbide, vanopa pekutangira kukurukura.Pachikamu chega chega, vagadziri vakawanda vane makero avo chaiwo, zvichiita kuti pave nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze carbide.
Carbide mamakisi anogona zvakare kurongeka nekuumbwa.Tungsten carbide (WC) mamakisi anogona kukamurwa kuita matatu akakosha marudzi: akareruka, microcrystalline uye alloyed.Simplex mamakisi anosanganisira tungsten carbide uye cobalt binders, asi inogonawo kunge iine mashoma mashoma ekukura kwezviyo inhibitors.Iyo microcrystalline giredhi inoumbwa netungsten carbide uye cobalt binder yakawedzerwa nezviuru zvevanadium carbide (VC) uye (kana) chromium carbide (Cr3C2), uye saizi yaro yezviyo inogona kusvika 1 μm kana zvishoma.Alloy mamakisi anoumbwa netungsten carbide uye cobalt binders ine mashoma muzana titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), uye niobium carbide (NbC).Aya ekuwedzera anozivikanwawo se cubic carbides nekuda kweayo sintering zvivakwa.Iyo inoguma microstructure inoratidza inhomogeneous matatu-chikamu chimiro.
1) Akareruka carbide mamakisi
Aya mamakisi ekucheka simbi anowanzo aine 3% kusvika 12% cobalt (kuburikidza nehuremu).Saizi yemhando ye tungsten carbide zviyo kazhinji iri pakati pe1-8 μm.Semamwe magiredhi, kudzikisa saizi yetungsten carbide kunowedzera kuomarara kwayo uye transverse rupture simba (TRS), asi kunoderedza kuoma kwayo.Kuoma kwemhando yakachena kunowanzo pakati peHRA89-93.5;iyo yakachinjika kuputika simba kazhinji iri pakati pe175-350ksi.Hupfu hwemagiredhi aya hunogona kunge huine huwandu hukuru hwezvekushandisa zvakare.
Magiredhi emhando yakapfava anogona kukamurwa kuita C1-C4 muC giredhi system, uye anogona kuiswa zvichienderana neK, N, S uye H giredhi akatevedzana muISO giredhi system.Magiredhi eSimplex ane zvivakwa zvepakati anogona kuverengerwa semagiredhi-chinangwa (seC2 kana K20) uye anogona kushandiswa kutenderedza, kugaya, kuronga uye kufinha;mamakisi ane diki saizi yezviyo kana yakaderera cobalt zvemukati uye kuomarara kwepamusoro kunogona Kurongeka semagiredhi ekupedzisa (akadai seC4 kana K01);mamakisi ane saizi hombe yezviyo kana yakakwirira cobalt zvemukati uye kuoma kuri nani kunogona kuverengerwa semagiredhi akakasharara (akadai seC1 kana K30).
Zvishandiso zvinogadzirwa mumagiredhi eSimplex zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira simbi yakakandwa, mazana maviri nemazana matatu akateedzana simbi isina tsvina, aruminiyamu uye mamwe simbi asina-ferrous, superalloys uye simbi dzakaomeswa.Magiredhi aya anogonawo kushandiswa mune zvisiri zvesimbi zvekucheka zvikumbiro (semuenzaniso sematombo uye geological drilling maturusi), uye mamakisi aya ane saizi yezviyo 1.5-10μm (kana yakakura) uye cobalt inosvika 6% -16%.Imwe isiri-simbi yekucheka kushandiswa kwemagiredhi akareruka ecarbide ari mukugadzira mafi uye zvibhakera.Aya magiredhi anowanzo ane saizi yepakati yezviyo ine cobalt yemukati ye16% -30%.
(2) Microcrystalline cemented carbide mamakisi
mamakisi akadaro kazhinji ane 6% -15% cobalt.Munguva yekuyerera kwemvura, kuwedzerwa kwevanadium carbide uye / kana chromium carbide inogona kudzora kukura kwezviyo kuti iwane chimiro chezviyo chakanaka chine saizi isingasviki 1 μm.Iri giredhi rakatsetseka rine kuomarara kwakanyanya uye kuchinjika kutsemuka kusimba pamusoro pe500ksi.Iko kusanganiswa kwesimba repamusoro uye kusimba kwakakwana kunobvumira magiredhi aya kuti ashandise yakakura yakanaka rake angle, iyo inoderedza masimba ekucheka uye inoburitsa machipisi matete nekucheka pane kusunda simbi.
Kuburikidza nekuzivikanwa kwakasimba kwemhando yezvakasiyana-siyana mbishi mukugadzirwa kwemagiredhi ecemented carbide poda, uye kudzora kwakasimba kwe sintering process mamiriro ekudzivirira kuumbwa kwezviyo zvakakura zvisingaite mu microstructure yezvinhu, zvinokwanisika kuwana zvinhu zvakafanira zvinhu.Kuti uchengetedze saizi yezviyo diki uye yunifomu, hupfu hwakadzokororwa hunofanirwa kushandiswa chete kana paine kutonga kwakazara kweiyo mbishi uye kudzoreredza maitiro, uye yakakura yemhando yekuyedza.
Iwo macrocrystalline mamakisi anogona kuiswa zvinoenderana neM giredhi akateedzana muISO giredhi system.Pamusoro pezvo, dzimwe nzira dzekuisa muC giredhi system uye ISO giredhi system dzakafanana nemagiredhi akachena.Microcrystalline mamakisi anogona kushandiswa kugadzira maturusi anocheka zvakapfava zvekushandisa, nekuti pamusoro pechishandiso chinogona kugadzirwa chakatsetseka uye chinogona kuchengetedza yakanyanya kupinza yekucheka mupendero.
Microcrystalline mamakisi anogonawo kushandiswa kugadzira nickel-based superalloys, sezvo achikwanisa kumira tembiricha yekucheka inosvika 1200 ° C.Kugadziriswa kwema superalloys uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha, kushandiswa kweiyo microcrystalline giredhi maturusi uye yakachena giredhi maturusi ane ruthenium anogona panguva imwe chete kuvandudza kwavo kupfeka kuramba, deformation kuramba uye kuoma.Microcrystalline mamakisi akakodzerawo kugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvinotenderera senge madhiri anoburitsa shear stress.Kune chibooreso chakagadzirwa neakasanganiswa mamakisi ecemented carbide.Mune zvimwe zvikamu zvekudhirowa kwakafanana, iyo cobalt yemukati mune zvinhu inosiyana, kuitira kuti kuomarara uye kuoma kwechibooreso kunogadziriswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa.
(3) Alloy mhando simende carbide mamakisi
Aya magiredhi anonyanya kushandiswa kucheka zvikamu zvesimbi, uye yavo cobalt yemukati inowanzo 5% -10%, uye saizi yezviyo inotangira kubva 0.8-2μm.Nekuwedzera 4% -25% titanium carbide (TiC), tsika ye tungsten carbide (WC) kupararira pamusoro pemachipisi esimbi inogona kudzikiswa.Simba rekushandisa, crater wear resistance uye thermal shock resistance inogona kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera kusvika 25% tantalum carbide (TaC) uye niobium carbide (NbC).Kuwedzerwa kweiyo cubic carbides kunowedzerawo kuomarara kwakatsvuka kwechishandiso, zvichibatsira kudzivirira deformation yekupisa kwechishandiso mukucheka kunorema kana mamwe mavhisi uko kumucheto kunoburitsa kutonhora kwakanyanya.Uye zvakare, titanium carbide inogona kupa nucleation nzvimbo panguva yekunyungudika, ichivandudza kufanana kwecubic carbide kugovera mune workpiece.
Kazhinji kutaura, kuomarara kwemhando ye alloy-type cemented carbide mamakisi ndeye HRA91-94, uye iyo inochinjika yekutyoka simba i150-300ksi.Kuenzaniswa nemagiredhi akachena, alloy mamakisi ane kushomeka kwekusapfeka uye kuderera kwesimba, asi ane kuramba kuri nani kune anonamira kupfeka.Alloy mamakisi anogona kupatsanurwa kuita C5-C8 muC giredhi system, uye inogona kuiswa zvichienderana neP uye M giredhi akatevedzana muISO giredhi system.Alloy mamakisi ane zvivakwa zvepakati anogona kuverengerwa seyakajairwa chinangwa mamaki (seC6 kana P30) uye inogona kushandiswa kutenderedza, kubaya, kuronga uye kugaya.Iwo mamakisi akaomesesa anogona kuverengerwa sekupedza mamakisi (akadai seC8 neP01) ekupedzisa kutendeuka uye kufinha mashandiro.Aya mamakisi anowanzo ane zviyo zvidiki saizi uye yakaderera cobalt zvemukati kuwana kuomarara kunodiwa uye kupfeka kuramba.Nekudaro, zvakafanana zvinhu zvivakwa zvinogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera mamwe cubic carbides.Magiredhi ane kuomarara kwepamusoro anogona kuverengerwa semagiredhi akaomarara (semuenzaniso C5 kana P50).Aya mamakisi anowanzo ane saizi yepakati yezviyo uye yakakwira cobalt yemukati, ine yakaderera yekuwedzera ye cubic carbides kuti iwane kuomarara kwaunoda nekudzivisa mutswe kukura.Mukuvhiringidzwa kwekushandura mashandiro, kuita kwekucheka kunogona kuvandudzwa nekushandisa yataurwa pamusoro apa cobalt-rakapfuma mamakisi ane yakakwira cobalt yemukati pane chishandiso.
Alloy mamakisi ane yakaderera titanium carbide zvemukati anoshandiswa kugadzira simbi isina simbi uye inogadzika simbi, asi inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira simbi dzisina-ferrous senge nickel-based superalloys.Saizi yezviyo zvemagiredhi aya kazhinji isingasviki 1 μm, uye cobalt yemukati ndeye 8% -12%.Magiredhi akaomarara, akadai seM10, anogona kushandiswa kushandura simbi inoumbika;magiredhi akaomarara, akadai seM40, anogona kushandiswa kugayo nesimbi yekuronga, kana kushandura simbi isina tsvina kana superalloys.
Alloy-type cemented carbide mamakisi anogonawo kushandiswa kune zvisiri-simbi zvekucheka zvinangwa, kunyanya kugadzira zvidimbu zvisingapfeke.Saizi yezvikamu zvemagiredhi aya kazhinji 1.2-2 μm, uye iyo cobalt yemukati i7% -10%.Kana uchigadzira mamakisi aya, chikamu chepamusoro chezvekushandisa zvakashandiswa patsva chinowanzowedzerwa, zvichikonzera kudhura-kwekuita mukupfekwa kwezvikamu zvekupfeka.Zvipfeko zvekupfeka zvinoda kumira zvakanaka kwekuora uye kuoma kwakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera nickel uye chromium carbide paunenge uchigadzira mamakisi aya.
Kuti usangane nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi uye zvehupfumi zvevagadziri vezvishandiso, carbide poda ndicho chinhu chakakosha.Mapoda akagadzirirwa evagadziri vezvishandiso 'machining michina uye maparamendi ekuita anovimbisa kuita kweiyo yakapedzwa workpiece uye zvakakonzera mazana emagiredhi ecarbide.Hunhu hunodzokororwa hwezvinhu zvecarbide uye kugona kushanda zvakananga nevanopa hupfu hunobvumira vanogadzira maturusi kunyatso kudzora kunaka kwechigadzirwa chavo uye mutengo wezvinhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-18-2022
