Carbide ndiyo kirasi inonyanya kushandiswa yezvinhu zvekushandisa zvinokurumidza kugadzira machining (HSM), izvo zvinogadzirwa nemaitiro ekugadzira poda uye zvinosanganisira zvidimbu zvecarbide yakaoma (kazhinji tungsten carbide WC) uye chidimbu chesimbi chakapfava. Parizvino, kune mazana ema WC-based cemented carbides ane maumbirwo akasiyana, mazhinji acho anoshandisa cobalt (Co) se binder, nickel (Ni) uye chromium (Cr) zvinowanzo shandiswawo se binder elements, uye zvimwe zvinogona kuwedzerwawo. Nei paine ma carbide akawanda kudaro? Vagadziri vezvishandiso vanosarudza sei zvinhu zvekushandisa zvakakodzera pakucheka? Kuti tipindure mibvunzo iyi, ngatitangei tatarisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoita kuti cemented carbide ive chinhu chekushandisa chakakodzera.
kuomarara uye kuomarara
Carbide yakagadzirwa nesimbi yeWC-Co ine mabhenefiti akasiyana mukuomarara uye kusimba. Tungsten carbide (WC) yakaoma zvikuru (inopfuura corundum kana alumina), uye kuomarara kwayo hakuwanzodzikira sezvo tembiricha yekushanda ichiwedzera. Zvisinei, haina kusimba kwakakwana, chinhu chakakosha pakushandisa maturusi ekucheka. Kuti vashandise kuomarara kwakanyanya kwetungsten carbide uye kuvandudza kusimba kwayo, vanhu vanoshandisa zvisungo zvesimbi kubatanidza tungsten carbide pamwe chete, kuitira kuti chinhu ichi chive nekuomarara kunopfuura kwesimbi inomhanya, ukuwo ichikwanisa kutsungirira simba rekucheka. Pamusoro pezvo, inogona kutsungirira kupisa kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nekugadzira nekukurumidza.
Nhasi uno, mapanga ese eWC-Co nemidziyo yekupinza zvakaputirwa, saka basa rechinhu chepasi harina kukosha. Asi kutaura chokwadi, ndiyo modulus yakakwira yechinhu cheWC-Co (chiyero chekuomarara, chinova kanenge katatu kupfuura simbi inomhanya zvakanyanya patembiricha yemumba) inopa substrate isingachinjike yekuputira. WC-Co matrix inopawo kusimba kunodiwa. Aya ndiwo maficha ekutanga ezvinhu zveWC-Co, asi maficha acho anogonawo kugadziriswa nekugadzirisa kuumbwa kwezvinhu uye microstructure pakugadzira upfu hwecarbide hwakasimwa. Saka, kukodzera kwekushanda kwezvishandiso kune imwe michina kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekutanga kwekugaya.
Maitiro ekugaya
Upfu hweTungsten carbide hunowanikwa neupfu hweTungsten (W) hune carburizing. Hunhu hweupfu hweTungsten carbide (kunyanya saizi yezvikamu zvayo) hunonyanya kutsamira pahukuru hwezvikamu zveupfu hweTungsten hwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye tembiricha nenguva yecarburization. Kudzorwa kwemakemikari kwakakoshawo, uye huwandu hwekabhoni hunofanira kugara hwakafanana (pedyo nehukuru hwestoichiometric hwe6.13% nehuremu). Huwandu hushoma hwevanadium uye/kana chromium hunogona kuwedzerwa usati watanga kurapwa kwecarburizing kuitira kudzora hukuru hwezvikamu zveupfu kuburikidza nemaitiro anotevera. Mamiriro akasiyana ekugadzirisa uye mashandisirwo akasiyana ekupedzisira ekugadzirisa anoda musanganiswa chaiwo wehukuru hwezvikamu zvetungsten carbide, huwandu hwekabhoni, huwandu hwevanadium uye huwandu hwechromium, kuburikidza nawo hupfu hwakasiyana hwetungsten carbide hunogona kugadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, ATI Alldyne, kambani inogadzira hupfu hwetungsten carbide, inogadzira hupfu hwetungsten carbide hunosvika magiredhi makumi maviri nematatu, uye mhando dzehupfu hwetungsten carbide dzakagadziriswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi dzinogona kusvika kanopfuura kashanu pane hupfu hwetungsten carbide hunosvika magiredhi akajairwa.
Pakusanganisa nekukuya tungsten carbide powder nesimbi bond kuti pave ne cemented carbide powder, musanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana unogona kushandiswa. Cobalt content inonyanya kushandiswa i3% - 25% (huremu), uye kana zvichidikanwa kuwedzera corrosion resistance yemudziyo, zvakakosha kuwedzera nickel ne chromium. Pamusoro pezvo, simbi bond inogona kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera zvimwe zvikamu zve alloy. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera ruthenium kuWC-Co cemented carbide kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kusimba kwayo pasina kuderedza kuoma kwayo. Kuwedzera zviri mu binder kunogonawo kuvandudza kusimba kwe cemented carbide, asi zvichaderedza kuoma kwayo.
Kuderedza saizi yetungsten carbide particles kunogona kuwedzera kuomarara kwechinhu chacho, asi saizi yetungsten carbide inofanira kuramba yakafanana panguva yekunyungudika. Munguva yekunyungudika, tungsten carbide particles dzinobatana uye dzinokura kuburikidza nekuita kwekunyungudika nekudzokorora. Mukuita kwekunyungudika chaiko, kuti pave nechinhu chakazara, chisungo chesimbi chinova mvura (chinonzi liquid phase sintering). Kukura kwetungsten carbide particles kunogona kudzorwa nekuwedzera mamwe ma transition metal carbides, anosanganisira vanadium carbide (VC), chromium carbide (Cr3C2), titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), uye niobium carbide (NbC). Aya ma metal carbides anowanzo kuwedzerwa kana tungsten carbide powder yasanganiswa uye yagayiwa nesimbi bond, kunyangwe vanadium carbide nechromium carbide zvinogonawo kuumbwa kana tungsten carbide powder yagayiwa.
Upfu hweTungsten carbide hunogonawo kugadzirwa nekushandisa zvinhu zvecarbide zvakagadziriswazve. Kudzokorodza uye kushandisazve zvimedu zvecarbide kwagara kuripo muindasitiri yecarbide yakagadziriswazve uye chikamu chakakosha chehupfumi hwese hweindasitiri, zvichibatsira kuderedza mitengo yezvinhu, kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvechisikigo uye kudzivirira marara. Kuraswa kunokuvadza. Carbide yakagadziriswazve zvimedu inogona kushandiswazve nemaitiro eAPT (ammonium paratungstate), maitiro ekudzoreredza zinc kana nekupwanya. Aya ma "recycled" tungsten carbide powders anowanzo kuve ne densification iri nani uye inofungidzirwa nekuti ane nzvimbo diki pane tungsten carbide powders inogadzirwa zvakananga kuburikidza nemaitiro e tungsten carburizing.
Mamiriro ekugadzirisa kusanganiswa kweupfu hwetungsten carbide nehupfu hwesimbi zvakare akakosha pakugadzirisa. Nzira mbiri dzinonyanya kushandiswa dzekugaya ndedzekugaya bhora uye kugaya simbi. Maitiro ese ari maviri anogonesa kusanganiswa kwakafanana kweupfu hwakagayiwa uye saizi yakaderera yezvikamu. Kuti workpiece yakadzvanywa gare gare ive nesimba rakakwana, kuchengetedza chimiro cheworkpiece, uye kugonesa mushandi kana manipulator kutora workpiece kuti ishande, zvinowanzo dikanwa kuwedzera organic binder panguva yekugaya. Kuumbwa kwemakemikari ebond iyi kunogona kukanganisa huwandu uye simba reworkpiece yakadzvanywa. Kuti zvive nyore kubata, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera ma binders ane simba rakawanda, asi izvi zvinoguma nekudzikira kwehuwandu uye zvinogona kugadzira mapundu anogona kukonzera kukanganisa muchigadzirwa chekupedzisira.
Mushure mekukuyiwa, hupfu hunowanzo pfapfaidzwa kuti hugadzire ma agglomerate anoyerera akabatana pamwe chete ne organic binders. Nekugadzirisa maumbirwo e organic binder, kuyerera kwemvura uye huwandu hwechaji hwema agglomerate aya zvinogona kugadziriswa sezvaunoda. Nekuongorora zvidimbu zvakakura kana zvakapfava, kupararira kwehukuru hwe particles ye agglomerate kunogona kugadziriswa zvakare kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoyerera zvakanaka kana yaiswa mumold cavity.
Kugadzira zvidimbu zvebasa
Zvishandiso zveCarbide zvinogona kugadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuita. Zvichienderana nehukuru hwechishandiso, huwandu hwechimiro chakaoma, uye batch yekugadzira, zvishandiso zvakawanda zvekucheka zvinoumbwa uchishandisa madhiri akaomarara epamusoro nepasi. Kuti huremu hwechishandiso nehukuru zvirambe zvakafanana panguva yekudzvanya kwega kwega, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwehupfu (hukuru nehukuru) hunoyerera mugomba hwakafanana chaizvo. Kuyerera kwehupfu kunonyanya kudzorwa nekugoverwa kwehukuru hwema agglomerates uye hunhu hwe organic binder. Zvishandiso zvekugadzira (kana "zvisina chinhu") zvinoumbwa nekuisa kumanikidzwa kwe molding kwe10-80 ksi (kilo pounds pa square foot) kuhupfu hwakatakurwa mugomba re mold.
Kunyangwe kana paine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwekuumba, tungsten carbide particles dzakaoma hadzizokanganise kana kutyoka, asi organic binder inomanikidzwa mumipata iri pakati petungsten carbide particles, nokudaro ichigadzirisa nzvimbo yetungsten carbide particles. Kana kumanikidzwa kwacho kwakakwira, kubatana kwetungsten carbide particles kwakasimba uye huwandu hwekusimba kwe workpiece hwacho hunowedzera. Hunhu hwekuumba hwemhando dze cemented carbide powder hunogona kusiyana, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwesimbi binder, saizi uye chimiro chetungsten carbide particles, mwero wekuungana, uye kuumbwa uye kuwedzerwa kweorganic binder. Kuti tipe ruzivo rwehuwandu nezvehunhu hwekusimba kwemhando dze cemented carbide powders, hukama huripo pakati pekusimba kwe molding nekumanikidzwa kwe molding hunowanzo kugadzirwa uye kuvakwa nemugadziri wehupfu. Ruzivo urwu runovimbisa kuti hupfu hunopihwa hunoenderana nemaitiro ekuumba emugadziri wezvishandiso.
Zvishandiso zvecarbide zvakakura kana zvishandiso zvecarbide zvine aspect ratios yakakwira (senge shanks dze end mills uye drills) zvinowanzogadzirwa kubva kumhando dzakadzvanywa dzecarbide powder mubhegi rinochinjika. Kunyangwe kutenderera kwekugadzirwa kwenzira yekudzvanya yakaenzana kwakareba kupfuura kwenzira yekuumba, mutengo wekugadzira chishandiso wakaderera, saka nzira iyi yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwebatch diki.
Nzira iyi ndeyekuisa hupfu mubhegi, wovhara muromo webhegi, wozoisa bhegi rakazara nehupfu mukamuri, woisa kumanikidzwa kwe30-60ksi kuburikidza nemudziyo we hydraulic kuti udzvanye. Ma workpieces akadzvanywa anowanzo gadzirwa kuti akwane ma geometries chaiwo usati wapisa. Saizi yebhegi inowedzerwa kuti ikwane workpiece shrinkage panguva yekudzvanya uye kupa mukana wakakwana wekushanda. Sezvo workpiece ichida kugadziriswa mushure mekudzvanya, zvinodiwa zvekuchaja zvakafanana hazvisi zvakaoma sezvenzira yekuumba, asi zvichiri kudikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwakaenzana hwehupfu hwakaiswa mubhegi nguva dzese. Kana huwandu hwekuchaja hwehupfu hwakanyanya kudiki, zvinogona kutungamira kuhupfu husina kukwana mubhegi, zvichikonzera kuti workpiece ive diki uye ichifanira kubviswa. Kana huwandu hwekurodha hwehupfu hwakanyanya, uye hupfu hwakaiswa mubhegi hwakanyanya, workpiece inofanira kugadziriswa kuti ibvise hupfu hwakawanda mushure mekudzvanywa. Kunyangwe hupfu hwakawandisa hwakabviswa uye hwakaraswa huchigona kudzokororwa, kuita izvi kunoderedza kubereka.
Zvishandiso zveCarbide zvinogonawo kugadzirwa uchishandisa madhiri ekuwedzera kana madhiri ejekiseni. Maitiro ekugadzira extrusion anonyanya kukodzera kugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvechimiro che axisymmetric, nepo maitiro ekugadzira jekiseni anowanzo shandiswa kugadzira zvishandiso zvechimiro chakaoma. Mumaitiro ese ekuumba, mhando dzeupfu hwecarbide hwakasimwa dzinosungirirwa mu organic binder iyo inopa fluid yakafanana ne toothpaste kumusanganiswa wecarbide wakasimwa. Musanganiswa wacho unozoburitswa neburi kana kupinzwa mugomba kuti uumbwe. Hunhu hwemhando yeupfu hwecarbide hwakasimwa hunosarudza chiyero chakakodzera cheupfu kune binder mumusanganiswa, uye hune simba guru pakuyerera kwemusanganiswa kuburikidza negomba rekubuditsa kana kupinzwa mugomba.
Mushure mekunge workpiece yagadzirwa nekuumba, kudzvanya kwe isostatic, extrusion kana injection, organic binder inofanira kubviswa kubva paworkpiece isati yasvika padanho rekupedzisira re sintering. Sintering inobvisa maburi kubva paworkpiece, zvichiita kuti ive yakakora zvakakwana (kana kuti yakanyanya). Munguva ye sintering, chisungo chesimbi chiri mu press-formed workpiece chinova mvura, asi workpiece inoramba iine chimiro chayo pasi pekushanda pamwe chete kwe capillary forces uye particle linkage.
Mushure mekusvina, chimiro chebasa chinoramba chakafanana, asi saizi yacho inoderedzwa. Kuti uwane saizi inodiwa yebasa mushure mekusvina, mwero wekusvina unofanirwa kutariswa pakugadzira chishandiso. Rudzi rwehupfu hwekabhoni hunoshandiswa kugadzira chishandiso chimwe nechimwe hunofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti huve nekusvina kwakakodzera kana hwabatanidzwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakakodzera.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mushonga wekugadzira simbi yakachekwa unodiwa mushure mekuchekwa. Nzira huru yekurapa simbi dzekucheka ndeyekurodza mupendero wekucheka. Mimwe simbi inoda kukuya pamusoro nepazasi; mimwe inoda kukuya kwekunze (nekunorodza mupendero wekucheka kana pasina). Makapu ese ecarbide kubva pakukuya anogona kudzokororwa.
Kupfekedza jira rebasa
Kazhinji, chipfeko chebasa chapera chinofanira kuputirwa. Chipfeko ichi chinopa mafuta uye kuomarara kwakawedzerwa, pamwe nekudzivirira kupararira kwechikamu chebasa, zvichidzivirira oxidation kana chaiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya. Chikamu checarbide chakasimbiswa chakakosha pakushanda kwechidzitiro. Pamusoro pekugadzirisa hunhu hukuru hwehupfu hwematrix, hunhu hwepamusoro hwechikamu chebasa hunogonawo kugadziriswa nekusarudza makemikari uye kushandura nzira yekupisa. Kuburikidza nekufamba kwecobalt, cobalt yakawanda inogona kuwedzerwa muchikamu chekunze chepamusoro pebanga mukati meukobvu hwe20-30 μm zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvikamu zvebasa, nokudaro zvichipa pamusoro pechikamu chebasa simba riri nani uye kusimba, zvichiita kuti chisanyanya kukanganiswa nekushanduka.
Zvichienderana nemaitiro avo ekugadzira (senge nzira yekubvisa dewaxing, mwero wekupisa, nguva yekupisa, tembiricha uye voltage yecarburizing), mugadziri wezvishandiso anogona kunge aine zvimwe zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvegiredhi reupfu hwecarbide yakasimwa semende hunoshandiswa. Vamwe vagadziri vezvishandiso vanogona kupisa workpiece muchoto chevacuum, nepo vamwe vangashandisa hot isostatic pressing (HIP) sintering furnace (iyo inomanikidza workpiece pedyo nekupera kweprocess cycle kubvisa chero zvasara) pores). Zvishandiso zvakasimwa muchoto chevacuum zvinogonawo kuda kudzvanywa nekupisa isostatically kuburikidza nekuwedzera maitiro ekuwedzera density yeworkpiece. Vamwe vagadziri vezvishandiso vanogona kushandisa tembiricha yakakwira yekupisa vacuum kuti vawedzere density yemusanganiswa ine cobalt yakaderera, asi nzira iyi inogona kuomesa microstructure yavo. Kuti irambe iri diki, hupfu hune saizi diki yetungsten carbide hunogona kusarudzwa. Kuti ienderane nemidziyo yekugadzira chaiyo, mamiriro ekuchenesa uye voltage yecarburizing zvine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekabhoni muupfu hwecarbide yakasimwa semende.
Kurongwa kwemagiredhi
Kuchinja kwemhando dzakasiyana dzeupfu hwetungsten carbide, musanganiswa wemusanganiswa uye huwandu hwesimbi inosunga, mhando nehuwandu hwezviyo zvinodzivisa kukura kwezviyo, nezvimwewo, zvinoumba mhando dzakasiyana dzemagiredhi ecarbide akasimbiswa. Izvi zvinosarudza chimiro checarbide yakasimbiswa uye hunhu hwayo. Mimwe misanganiswa chaiyo yehunhu yave chinhu chinonyanya kukosheswa kune mamwe mashandisirwo ekugadzirisa, zvichiita kuti zvive nemusoro kuronga mhando dzakasiyana dzemagiredhi ecarbide akasimbiswa.
Masisitimu maviri anonyanya kushandiswa ekupatsanura macarbide pakushandisa michina ndeye C designation system uye ISO designation system. Kunyangwe pasina masisitimu aya anoratidza zvizere hunhu hwezvinhu zvinopesvedzera kusarudzwa kwemagiredhi ecarbide akasimbiswa, anopa pokutangira hurukuro. Pakupatsanura kwega kwega, vagadziri vazhinji vane mamakisi avo akakosha, zvichikonzera mhando dzakasiyana dzemamakisi ecarbide.
Magiredhi eCarbide anogonawo kupatsanurwa zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwawo. Magiredhi eTungsten Carbide (WC) anogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu huru: simple, microcrystalline uye alloyed. Magiredhi eSimplex anosanganisira tungsten carbide uye cobalt binders, asi anogonawo kunge aine huwandu hushoma hwezvinodzivirira kukura kwezviyo. Magiredhi eMicrocrystalline anoumbwa netungsten carbide uye cobalt binder inowedzerwa nezviuru zvakati wandei zvevanadium carbide (VC) uye (kana) chromium carbide (Cr3C2), uye saizi yayo yezviyo inogona kusvika 1 μm kana pasi. Magiredhi eAlloy anoumbwa netungsten carbide uye cobalt binders ine zvishoma muzana titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), uye niobium carbide (NbC). Izvi zvinowedzerwa zvinozivikanwawo secubic carbides nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo hwekusviba. Microstructure inobuda inoratidza chimiro chisina kufanana chezvikamu zvitatu.
1) Magiredhi ari nyore ecarbide
Magiredhi aya ekucheka simbi anowanzo kuve ne3% kusvika 12% cobalt (nehuremu). Hukuru hwetungsten carbide grains hunowanzova pakati pe1-8 μm. Sezvineiwo nemamwe magiredhi, kuderedza saizi yetsumbu yetungsten carbide kunowedzera kuoma kwayo uye simba rekupwanyika kwetransverse (TRS), asi kunoderedza kuoma kwayo. Kuoma kwemhando yakachena kunowanzova pakati peHRA89-93.5; simba rekupwanyika kwetransverse rinowanzova pakati pe175-350ksi. Upfu hwemagiredhi aya hunogona kunge huine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakadzokororwa.
Magiredhi emhando iri nyore anogona kukamurwa kuita C1-C4 muC grade system, uye anogona kurongwa zvichienderana neK, N, S uye H grade series muISO grade system. Magiredhi eSimplex ane hunhu hwepakati anogona kurongwa semagiredhi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya (senge C2 kana K20) uye anogona kushandiswa pakutenderedza, kugaya, kupuraninga uye kubhowa; magiredhi ane saizi diki yegorosi kana cobalt yakaderera uye kuomarara kwakanyanya anogona kurongwa semagiredhi ekupedzisa (senge C4 kana K01); magiredhi ane saizi yakakura yegorosi kana cobalt yakawanda uye kuomarara kuri nani anogona kurongwa semagiredhi ekukomba (senge C1 kana K30).
Zvishandiso zvakagadzirwa muSimplex grade zvinogona kushandiswa pakugadzira simbi yakakandwa, simbi isingatsvedzeri ine 200 ne300 series, aruminiyamu nedzimwe simbi dzisina ferrous, superalloys nesimbi dzakaoma. Magiredhi aya anogonawo kushandiswa mukushandiswa kwekucheka kusiri kwesimbi (semuenzaniso sematombo uye maturusi ekuboorera geological), uye magiredhi aya ane saizi ye1.5-10μm (kana yakakura) uye cobalt ye6%-16%. Kumwe kushandiswa kwekucheka kusiri kwesimbi kwemagiredhi akareruka ecarbide ndekugadzira madhiyi nemapunchi. Magiredhi aya anowanzo kuve nehukuru hwepakati hwegrain ine cobalt ye16%-30%.
(2) Mhando dzemakabhohaidhiretsi akagadzirwa nesimbi ye microcrystalline
Magiredhi akadaro anowanzova ne6%-15% cobalt. Munguva yekupisa kwechikamu chemvura, kuwedzerwa kwevanadium carbide uye/kana chromium carbide kunogona kudzora kukura kwezviyo kuti zviwane chimiro chezviyo zvakanaka zvine saizi yezvikamu zvisingasviki 1 μm. Iyi giredhi ine zvidimbu zvakanaka ine kuomarara kwakanyanya uye simba rekupatsanuka rinodarika 500ksi. Kubatanidzwa kwesimba rakawanda uye kuoma kwakakwana kunoita kuti magiredhi aya ashandise kona yakakura yerake, iyo inoderedza masimba ekucheka uye inogadzira machipisi akatetepa nekucheka pane kusundidzira zvinhu zvesimbi.
Kuburikidza nekuona mhando yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana mukugadzirwa kwemhando dzeupfu hwecarbide hwakasimwa, uye kudzora kwakasimba mamiriro ekuita kwekupisa kuti zvidzivise kuumbwa kwezviyo zvakakura zvisina kujairika muchimiro chechinhu, zvinokwanisika kuwana hunhu hwakakodzera hwezvinhu. Kuti saizi yezviyo irambe iri diki uye yakafanana, upfu hwakadzokororwa hunofanira kushandiswa chete kana paine kutonga kwakazara kwezvinhu zvakadzokororwa uye maitiro ekudzoreredza, uye kuyedzwa kwakanyanya kwemhando.
Magiredhi emicrocrystalline anogona kurongwa zvichienderana neM grade series muISO grade system. Pamusoro pezvo, dzimwe nzira dzekuisa muC grade system neISO grade system dzakafanana nepure grades. Magiredhi emicrocrystalline anogona kushandiswa kugadzira maturusi anocheka zvinhu zvakapfava zvebasa, nekuti pamusoro pechishandiso chinogona kugadzirwa nemachina akatsetseka uye chinogona kuchengetedza mucheto wakapinza.
Magiredhi eMicrocrystalline anogonawo kushandiswa kugadzira masuperalloys akagadzirwa nenickel, sezvo achigona kutsungirira tembiricha dzinosvika 1200°C. Pakugadzirisa masuperalloys nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha, kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zve microcrystalline grade uye zvishandiso zve pure grade zvine ruthenium zvinogona kuvandudza nguva imwe chete kuramba kwavo kupfeka, kuramba kuchinja uye kusimba. Magiredhi eMicrocrystalline akakodzerawo kugadzira zvishandiso zvinotenderera zvakaita semadrill anogadzira shear stress. Kune drill yakagadzirwa nemagiredhi ecomposite ecarbide yakagadzirwa necemented. Muzvikamu zvakati zvedrill imwe chete, huwandu hwecobalt muzvinhu zvinosiyana, kuitira kuti kuomarara nekusimba kwedrill zvigadzirwe zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakugadzirisa.
(3) Mhando yemhando ye alloy yakagadzirwa ne simende carbide
Magiredhi aya anonyanya kushandiswa pakucheka zvikamu zvesimbi, uye huwandu hwazvo hwecobalt hunowanzova 5%-10%, uye saizi yetsanga inotangira pa0.8-2μm. Nekuwedzera 4%-25% titanium carbide (TiC), katsika ketungsten carbide (WC) kekupararira pamusoro pesimbi inogona kuderedzwa. Simba rezvishandiso, kuramba kupfeka kwecrater uye kuramba kupisa kunogona kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera kusvika ku25% tantalum carbide (TaC) uye niobium carbide (NbC). Kuwedzerwa kwemacubic carbides akadaro kunowedzerawo kuomarara kwechishandiso, zvichibatsira kudzivirira kushanduka kwekupisa kwechishandiso mukuchekwa kwakanyanya kana mamwe mabasa apo mucheto wekucheka uchagadzira kupisa kwakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, titanium carbide inogona kupa nzvimbo dze nucleation panguva yekupisa, zvichivandudza kufanana kwekugoverwa kwemacubic carbide muchishandiso chebasa.
Kazhinji, kuomarara kwemhando ye alloy-type cemented carbide grades iHRA91-94, uye simba rekupwanyika kwe transverse i150-300ksi. Zvichienzaniswa ne pure grades, alloy grades hadzina kunaka kwekupfeka uye simba rakaderera, asi dzine kuramba kuri nani pakunamira. Alloy grades dzinogona kukamurwa kuita C5-C8 mu C grade system, uye dzinogona kupatsanurwa zvichienderana ne P ne M grade series mu ISO grade system. Alloy grades dzine hunhu hwepakati dzinogona kupatsanurwa se general purpose grades (senge C6 kana P30) uye dzinogona kushandiswa pakutenderedza, kugocha, kupuraning uye kugaya. Ma grades akaomarara anogona kupatsanurwa se finishing grades (senge C8 neP01) yekupedzisa kutenderedza uye mabasa anofinha. Ma grades aya anowanzova ne grain size diki uye cobalt content yakaderera kuti uwane kuomarara kunodiwa uye kuramba kupfeka. Zvisinei, hunhu hwakafanana hwezvinhu hunogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera mamwe ma cubic carbides. Ma grades ane kusimba kwakanyanya anogona kupatsanurwa se roughing grades (semuenzaniso C5 kana P50). Magiredhi aya anowanzova nehukuru hwepakati nepakati uye cobalt yakawanda, ine ma cubic carbides mashoma ekuwedzera kuti awane kusimba kwaunoda nekudzivirira kukura kwemavanga. Mukushanda kwekutenderedza kwakakanganiswa, mashandiro ekucheka anogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya nekushandisa magiredhi e cobalt akataurwa pamusoro apa ane cobalt yakawanda pamusoro pechishandiso.
Magiredhi eAlloy ane titanium carbide yakaderera anoshandiswa pakugadzira simbi isingatsvedzerere uye simbi inonyungudika, asi anogonawo kushandiswa pakugadzira simbi dzisina ferrous dzakadai se nickel-based superalloys. Saizi yetsanga yemagiredhi aya inowanzova pasi pe1 μm, uye huwandu hwe cobalt huri 8%-12%. Magiredhi akaomarara, akadai seM10, anogona kushandiswa pakushandura simbi inonyungudika; magiredhi akaomarara, akadai seM40, anogona kushandiswa pakugaya nekugadzira simbi, kana pakushandura simbi isingatsvedzerere kana superalloys.
Magiredhi ecarbide akasimwa nesimbi anogona kushandiswawo pakucheka zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi, kunyanya pakugadzira zvikamu zvisingatsvedzeri. Hukuru hwezvikamu izvi hunowanzova 1.2-2 μm, uye huwandu hwecobalt huri 7%-10%. Pakugadzira magiredhi aya, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakagadziriswazve hunowanzowedzerwa, zvichikonzera kuti zvishandiswe muzvikamu zvekutsvedza zvishande zvakanaka. Zvikamu zvekutsvedza zvinoda kuramba ngura zvakanaka uye kuomarara kwakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera nickel nechromium carbide pakugadzira magiredhi aya.
Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi uye zvehupfumi zvevagadziri vezvishandiso, upfu hwecarbide ndicho chinhu chakakosha. Upfu hwakagadzirirwa michina yekugadzira machining yevagadziri vezvishandiso uye parameters dzemaitiro hunoita kuti basa rifambe zvakanaka uye hwakaguma nemazana emhando dzecarbide. Hunhu hwezvinhu zvecarbide zvinogona kudzokororwa uye kugona kushanda zvakananga nevatengesi vehupfu zvinobvumira vagadziri vezvishandiso kudzora zvinobudirira kunaka kwechigadzirwa chavo uye mutengo wezvinhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-18-2022
