Mushonga we alloy wakagadzirwa nemusanganiswa wakaoma wesimbi inorambidza uye binder simbi kuburikidza nehupfu simbi. Cemented carbide ine nhevedzano yezvakanakisa zvivakwa zvakaita sekuoma kwepamusoro, kusapfeka kupfeka, simba rakanaka uye kuomarara, kusapisa kupisa uye kushora, kunyanya kuoma kwayo kwakanyanya uye kusapfeka, izvo zvinoramba zvisina kushanduka kunyangwe tembiricha ye500 ° C, ichine. kuoma kwakanyanya pa1000 ℃. Carbide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sematurusi emidziyo, senge maturusi ekuchinjisa, milling cutters, planers, drill, boring maturusi, nezvimwewo, yekucheka simbi yakakandwa, isiri-ferrous simbi, mapurasitiki, kemikari fiber, graphite, girazi, dombo uye zvakajairika simbi, uye inogonawo kushandiswa kucheka Zvinhu zvakaoma-ku-muchina zvakadai sesimbi isingadziviriri, simbi isina tsvina, yakakwirira manganese simbi, simbi yemidziyo, nezvimwewo. Kucheka kwekucheka kwemidziyo mitsva yecarbide ikozvino mazana emazana e carbon steel.
Kushandiswa kwecemented carbide
(1) Zvishandiso
Carbide ndiyo yakakura yakawanda yezvinhu zvemidziyo, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira maturusi ekutenderedza, kucheka kugaya, mapurani, zviboorero, nezvimwewo. Pakati pavo, tungsten-cobalt carbide inokodzera kupfupika chip processing yeferrous uye isiri-ferrous simbi uye kugadzirwa kwe. zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi, zvakadai sesimbi yakakandwa, ndarira yakakandwa, bakelite, nezvimwewo; tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide inokodzera kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwemasimbi ane ferrous sesimbi. Chip Machining. Pakati pema alloys akafanana, ayo ane yakawanda cobalt yemukati akakodzera kune rough machining, uye ayo ane mashoma cobalt emukati akakodzera kupedzisa. General-chinangwa-cemented carbides ane hupenyu hwakareba kwazvo hwekugadzira kupfuura mamwe makabhidhi akasimwa yezvinhu zvakaoma-ku-muchina zvakaita sesimbi isina tsvina.
(2) Mold zvinhu
Cemented carbide inonyanya kushandiswa kutonhora kushanda kufa senge kutonhora kudhirowa kunofa, kunotonhora kubaya kunofa, kunotonhora extrusion kufa, uye inotonhora pier inofa.
Carbide inotonhora musoro inofa inodiwa kuve nekusimba kwakanaka kwekuita, kutsemuka kuomarara, kuneta simba, kubhenda simba uye kwakanaka kupfeka kuramba pasi pekupfeka-inodzivirira kushanda mamiriro ekukanganisa kana simba rakasimba. Yepakati uye yakakwira cobalt uye yepakati uye yakaoma zviyo alloy mamakisi anowanzo shandiswa, senge YG15C.
Kazhinji, hukama pakati pekupfeka kuramba uye kuoma kwesimende carbide inopokana: kuwedzera kwekupfeka kuramba kunotungamira kudzikira kwekuomarara, uye kuwedzera kwekuomarara kunozotungamira mukudzikira kwekupfeka kuramba. Naizvozvo, kana uchisarudza alloy mamakisi, zvinodikanwa kuti usangane nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa zvinoenderana nechinhu chekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa mamiriro ekushanda.
Kana iyo yakasarudzwa giredhi iri nyore kukurumidza kutsemuka uye kukuvadzwa panguva yekushandiswa, iyo giredhi ine yakanyanya kuoma inofanira kusarudzwa; kana giredhi rakasarudzwa rinowanzokurumidza kupfeka uye kukuvadzwa panguva yekushandiswa, giredhi rine kuomarara kwakanyanya uye nani kupfeka kuramba kunofanira kusarudzwa. . Aya magiredhi anotevera: YG15C, YG18C, YG20C, YL60, YG22C, YG25C Kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi, kuoma kunoderera, kushomeka kwekupfeka kunoderera, uye kusimba kunowedzera; pane kudaro, zvakasiyana ndezvechokwadi.
(3) Maturusi ekuyeresa uye zvikamu zvisingapfeki
Carbide inoshandiswa kupfeka-inodzivirira pamusoro inlays uye zvikamu zvekuyeresa maturusi, mabheji chaiwo ezvikuyo, mahwendefa egwara uye tsvimbo dzemagiya asina pakati, pamusoro pemachira uye zvimwe zvisingapfeki zvikamu.
Binder masimbi anowanzo simbi dzeboka resimbi, kazhinji cobalt uye nickel.
Paunenge uchigadzira simende carbide, saizi yehupfu yehupfu yakasarudzwa iri pakati pe1 ne2 microns, uye kuchena kwakanyanya. Izvo zvigadzirwa zvinosanganiswa zvinoenderana neyakatemerwa kuumbwa reshiyo, uye doro kana imwe midhiya inowedzerwa kune yakanyorova mukukuya munyoro bhora guyo kuti iite yakasanganiswa zvizere uye kuputika. Sieve musanganiswa. Zvadaro, musanganiswa wacho unogadzirwa negranulated, kumanikidzwa, uye kupisa kusvika kune tembiricha iri pedyo nekunyunguduka kwesimbi inosunga (1300-1500 ° C), chikamu chakaomeswa uye binder simbi inoumba eutectic alloy. Mushure mekutonhora, zvikamu zvakaomeswa zvinogoverwa mugridi inoumbwa nesimbi yekubatanidza uye yakanyatsobatanidzwa kune imwe neimwe kuti iite yakasimba yakazara. Kuomarara kwecemented carbide kunoenderana nekuomarara kwechikamu uye saizi yezviyo, ndiko kuti, kukwirisa kwechikamu chakaomeswa uye nekunakisa zviyo, ndiko kukura kuoma. Kuoma kwesamende carbide kunotsanangurwa nebhinder simbi. Iyo yakakwirira iyo binder simbi yemukati, iyo inokwirisa iyo inochinjika simba.
Muna 1923, Schlerter wekuGermany akawedzera 10% kusvika 20% cobalt kune tungsten carbide powder sebinder, uye akagadzira alloy itsva ye tungsten carbide necobalt. Kuomarara kwechipiri kune dhaimondi. Yekutanga simende carbide yakagadzirwa. Paunenge uchicheka simbi nemudziyo wakagadzirwa nealloy iyi, iyo yekucheka inopera nokukurumidza, uye kunyange iyo yekucheka ichaputika. Muna 1929, Schwarzkov muUnited States akawedzera humwe huwandu hwetungsten carbide uye titanium carbide compound carbides kune yekutanga kuumbwa, iyo yakavandudza kushanda kwechigadzirwa mukucheka simbi. Uku ndiko kumwe kubudirira munhoroondo yekusimudzira carbide.
Cemented carbide ine nhevedzano yezvakanakisa zvivakwa zvakaita sekuoma kwepamusoro, kusapfeka kupfeka, simba rakanaka uye kuomarara, kusapisa kupisa uye kushora, kunyanya kuoma kwayo kwakanyanya uye kusapfeka, izvo zvinoramba zvisina kushanduka kunyangwe tembiricha ye500 ° C, ichine. kuoma kwakanyanya pa1000 ℃. Carbide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sematurusi emidziyo, senge maturusi ekuchinjisa, milling cutters, planers, drill, boring maturusi, nezvimwewo, yekucheka simbi yakakandwa, isiri-ferrous simbi, mapurasitiki, kemikari fiber, graphite, girazi, dombo uye zvakajairika simbi, uye inogonawo kushandiswa kucheka Zvinhu zvakaoma-ku-muchina zvakadai sesimbi isingadziviriri, simbi isina tsvina, yakakwirira manganese simbi, simbi yemidziyo, nezvimwewo. Kucheka kwekucheka kwemidziyo mitsva yecarbide ikozvino mazana emazana e carbon steel.
Carbide inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira matombo ekuchera maturusi, maturusi ekuchera, maturusi ekuyeresa, asingapfeki mativi, simbi abrasives, cylinder liners, precision bearings, nozzles, simbi molds (senge waya yekudhirowa inofa, bhaudhi inofa, nzungu dzinofa. , uye Various fastener molds, kuita kwakanakisa kwecemented carbide zvishoma nezvishoma kwakatsiva iyo yapfuura simbi molds).
Gare gare, carbide yakavharidzirwa necemented yakabudawo. Muna 1969, Sweden yakabudirira kugadzira titanium carbide coated tool. Nheyo yechishandiso ndeye tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide kana tungsten-cobalt carbide. Ukobvu hwetitanium carbide coating pamusoro ingori mashoma mamicrons, asi kana ichienzaniswa neiyo mhando yealloy maturusi, Hupenyu hwesevhisi hunowedzerwa nekatatu, uye kumhanya kwekucheka kunowedzerwa ne25% kusvika 50%. Mumakore ekuma1970, chizvarwa chechina chezvishandiso zvakavharidzirwa zvakaonekwa zvekucheka zvakaoma-ku-muchina zvinhu.
Semented carbide inocheneswa sei?
Cemented carbide isimbi inogadzirwa nehupfu simbi yecarbides uye binder simbi dzeimwe kana anopfuura simbi inomira.
Mnyika dzinogadzira
Kune nyika dzinopfuura makumi mashanu pasi rose dzinogadzira simende carbide, ine huwandu hwakazara hwe27,000-28,000t-. Vagadziri vakuru iUnited States, Russia, Sweden, China, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, France, etc. Musika wepasi rose we carbide wakazara. , makwikwi emusika anotyisa zvikuru. Indasitiri yeChina yakasimwa carbide yakatanga kuumbwa mukupera kwema1950. Kubva kuma1960 kusvika kuma1970, indasitiri yeChina yakasimwa carbide yakasimukira nekukurumidza. Mukutanga kwema1990, huwandu hwese hwekugadzira hweChina hwesimende carbide hwakasvika 6000t, uye huwandu hwesemented carbide yakasvika 5000t, yechipiri chete kuRussia neUnited States, iri pachinhanho chechitatu pasi rose.
WC cutter
①Tungsten uye cobalt simende carbide
Izvo zvakakosha zvinoumba tungsten carbide (WC) uye binder cobalt (Co).
Giredhi rayo rinoumbwa ne "YG" ("yakaoma uye cobalt" muChinese Pinyin) uye chikamu cheavhareji cobalt zvemukati.
Semuenzaniso, YG8 inoreva avhareji WCo = 8%, uye yasara ndeye tungsten-cobalt carbide ye tungsten carbide.
TIC mapanga
②Tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide
Izvo zvakakosha zvinoumba tungsten carbide, titanium carbide (TiC) uye cobalt.
Giredhi rayo rinoumbwa ne "YT" ("yakaoma, titanium" mavara maviri muChinese Pinyin prefix) uye avhareji yemukati yetitanium carbide.
Semuenzaniso, YT15 inoreva avhareji WTi = 15%, uye yasara ndeye tungsten carbide uye tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide ine cobalt zvirimo.
Tungsten Titanium Tantalum Chishandiso
③Tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) simende carbide
Zvikuru zvinoumba tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide (kana niobium carbide) uye cobalt. Rudzi urwu rwesimende carbide inonziwo general cemented carbide kana universal cemented carbide.
Giredhi rayo rinoumbwa ne“YW” (chivakashure chemutauro wekuChina chekuti “zvakaoma” uye “wan”) pamwe nenhamba dzinotevedzana, dzakadai seYW1.
Maitiro ekuita
Carbide Welded Insets
Kuoma kwepamusoro (86～93HRA, yakaenzana ne69～81HRC);
Kuoma kwekushisa kwakanaka (kusvika ku900～1000℃, chengeta 60HRC);
Good abrasion resistance.
Carbide yekucheka maturusi ane 4 kusvika ku7 nguva nekukurumidza kupfuura simbi inomhanya, uye hupenyu hwematurusi hwakareba 5 kusvika makumi masere. Kugadzira mold uye maturusi ekuyeresa, hupenyu hwesevhisi hwakareba 20 kusvika 150 nguva dzakakwirira kupfuura yealloy tool simbi. Inogona kucheka zvinhu zvakaoma ingangoita 50HRC.
Nekudaro, simende carbide ine brittle uye haigone kugadzirwa, uye zvakaoma kugadzira maturusi akabatanidzwa ane maumbirwo akaomarara. Nokudaro, mashizha emhando dzakasiyana-siyana anowanzogadzirwa, ayo anoiswa pamudziyo wezvishandiso kana mold body by welding, bonding, mechanical clamping, nezvimwewo.
Special-shaped bar
Sintering
Cemented carbide sintering molding ndeyekudzvanya hupfu mubillet, wobva wapinda muchoto chekupisa kuti upise kune imwe tembiricha (sintering tembiricha), chengeta kwenguva yakati (kubata nguva), wozoitonhodza pasi kuti uwane simende. carbide zvinhu zvine zvinhu zvinodiwa.
Iyo cemented carbide sintering process inogona kukamurwa kuita matanho mana ekutanga:
1: Muchikamu chekubvisa mumiriri wekugadzira uye pre-sintering, muviri wakasvibiswa unoshanduka sezvinotevera:
Kubviswa kwemugadziri wekuumba, pamwe nekuwedzera kwekushisa muchikamu chekutanga chekupisa, iyo inoumba inopera zvishoma nezvishoma kana kunyura, uye muviri wakasvibiswa unobviswa. Mhando, huwandu uye sintering maitiro akasiyana.
Maokisi ari pamusoro pehupfu anoderedzwa. Pakupisa kwekushisa, hydrogen inogona kuderedza maokisi e cobalt uye tungsten. Kana iyo inoumba agent ikabviswa muvacuum uye yakanyungudutswa, iyo carbon-oxygen reaction haina kusimba. Kushushikana kwekubatana pakati pezvimedu zvehupfu kunobviswa zvishoma nezvishoma, iyo yekubatanidza simbi poda inotanga kupora uye kudzokorora, kupararira kwepamusoro kunotanga kuitika, uye kusimba kwebriquetting kunovandudzwa.
2: Solid phase sintering stage (800 ℃-eutectic tembiricha)
Pakupisa kusati kwaonekwa kwechikamu chemvura, kunze kwekuenderera mberi kwechikamu chekare, iyo yakasimba-chikamu chekuita uye kupararira kunowedzerwa, kuyerera kwepurasitiki kunowedzerwa, uye muviri wakasvibiswa unoderera zvakanyanya.
3: Liquid phase sintering stage (eutectic tembiricha - sintering tembiricha)
Kana chikamu chemvura chikaonekwa mumuviri wakanyoroveswa, iyo shrinkage inopedzwa nekukurumidza, ichiteverwa necrystallographic shanduko kuumba iyo yekutanga chimiro uye chimiro cheiyo alloy.
4: Kutonhora nhanho (sintering tembiricha - kamuri tembiricha)
Panguva ino, chimiro uye kuumbwa kwechikamu cheiyo alloy kune dzimwe shanduko nemamiriro ekutonhora akasiyana. Iyi ficha inogona kushandiswa kupisa iyo simende carbide kuti ivandudze iyo yemuviri uye yemagetsi zvimiro.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-11-2022
