Kota yapfuura, Bazi rezvekutengeserana, pamwe chete neGeneral Administration of Customs, vakaburitsa chiziviso chakabatana chekuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwenyika nezvinodiwa nevanhu uku vachizadzisa mabasa epasi rose ekudzivirira kupararira kwezvinhu. Nekubvumidzwa kweDare reHurumende, matanho akaomesesa ekudzora kutengesa kunze kwenyika akaiswa pazvinhu zvine chekuita netungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum, uye indium. Zvikuru, zvinhu zvine chekuita netungsten zvinodzorwa zvinosanganisira ammonium paratungstate, tungsten oxides, mamwe macarbides etungsten asingadzorwi, mafomu chaiwo etungsten yakasimba (kusasanganisa granules kana powders), tungsten-nickel-iron chaiyo kana tungsten-nickel-copper alloys, uye data uye matekinoroji anodiwa pakugadzira zvinhu pasi pemakodhi chaiwo (1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d). Vashandi vese vanotumira kunze zvinhu izvi vanofanirwa kutevedzera Mutemo weExport Control wePeople's Republic of China neMitemo yeExport Control yeDual-Use Items, kunyorera uye kuwana mapemiti ekutumira kunze kwenyika kubva kuvakuru vekutengeserana vane hunyanzvi veDare reHurumende. Chiziviso ichi chinotanga kushanda nekukasika uye chinovandudza Rondedzero Yekudzora Kutengeswa Kwezvinhu Zvinoshandiswa Kaviri muPeople's Republic of China.
I. Zvinhu Zvine Chekuita neTungsten
- 1C117.d. Zvinhu Zvine Chekuita neTungsten:
- Ammonium paratungstate (HS Code: 2841801000);
- Tungsten oxides (HS Codes: 2825901200, 2825901910, 2825901920);
- Tungsten carbides haidzorwi pasi pe1C226 (HS Code: 2849902000).
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- 1C117.c. Tungsten Yakasimba ine Hunhu Hwese Hunotevera:
- Tungsten yakasimba (isingasanganisi granules kana powders) nechero chipi zvacho chezvinotevera:
- Tungsten kana tungsten alloys ine tungsten yakawanda ≥97% nehuremu, isingadzoreki pasi pe1C226 kana 1C241 (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Ma alloys eTungsten-copper ane tungsten yakawanda ≥80% nehuremu (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Ma alloys eTungsten nesirivha ane tungsten ≥80% uye sirivha ≥2% nehuremu (HS Codes: 7106919001, 7106929001);
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- Inokwanisa kugadzirwa mune chero ipi zvayo yeinotevera:
- Masirinda ane dhayamita ≥120 mm uye kureba ≥50 mm;
- Machubhu ane dhayamita yemukati ≥65 mm, ukobvu hwemadziro ≥25 mm, uye kureba ≥50 mm;
- Mabhuroko ane saizi ≥120 mm × 120 mm × 50 mm.
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- 1C004. Tungsten-Nickel-Iron kana Tungsten-Nickel-Copper Alloys ine hunhu hwese hunotevera:
- Kuwanda >17.5 g/cm³;
- Simba rekupa simba >800 MPa;
- Simba guru rekudhonza >1270 MPa;
- Kureba >8% (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001).
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- 1E004, 1E101.b. Tekinoroji neData rekugadzira zvinhu pasi pe1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d (kusanganisira zvirevo zvemaitiro, maparameter, uye mapurogiramu ekugadzira).
II. Zvinhu Zvine Chekuita neTellurium
- 6C002.a. Metallic Tellurium (HS Code: 2804500001).
- 6C002.b. Zvigadzirwa zveTellurium Compound zveSingle kana Polycrystalline (kusanganisira substrates kana epitaxial wafers):
- Cadmium telluride (HS Codes: 2842902000, 3818009021);
- Cadmium zinc telluride (HS Codes: 2842909025, 3818009021);
- Mercury cadmium telluride (HS Codes: 2852100010, 3818009021).
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- 6E002. Tekinoroji neData rekugadzira zvinhu pasi pe6C002 (kusanganisira zvirevo zvemaitiro, maparameter, uye mapurogiramu ekugadzira).
III. Zvinhu Zvine Chekuita neBismuth
- 6C001.a. Metallic Bismuth neZvigadzirwa hazvidzorwi pasi pe1C229, kusanganisira asi kwete kungogumira kuma ingots, mabhuroko, mabheads, granules, uye powders (HS Codes: 8106101091, 8106101092, 8106101099, 8106109090, 8106901019, 8106901029, 8106901099, 8106909090).
- 6C001.b. Bismuth Germanate (HS Code: 2841900041).
- 6C001.c. Triphenylbismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6C001.d. Tris(p-ethoxyphenyl)bismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6E001. Tekinoroji neData rekugadzira zvinhu pasi pe6C001 (kusanganisira zvirevo zvemaitiro, maparameter, uye mapurogiramu ekugadzira).
IV. Zvinhu Zvine Chekuita neMolybdenum
- 1C117.b. Upfu hweMolybdenum: Zvidimbu zveMolybdenum ne alloy zvine molybdenum ≥97% nehuremu uye saizi yezvikamu ≤50×10⁻⁶ m (50 μm), zvinoshandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvezvombo zvinokandwa (HS Code: 8102100001).
- 1E101.b. Tekinoroji neData rekugadzira zvinhu pasi pe1C117.b (kusanganisira zvirevo zvemaitiro, maparameter, uye mapurogiramu ekugadzira).
V. Zvinhu Zvine Chekuita neIndium
- 3C004.a. Indium Phosphide (HS Code: 2853904051).
- 3C004.b. Trimethylindium (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 3C004.c. Triethylindium (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 3E004. Tekinoroji neData rekugadzira zvinhu pasi pe3C004 (kusanganisira zvirevo zvemaitiro, maparameter, uye mapurogiramu ekugadzira).
Kudzora Tungsten Kunze Kwenyika Hakusi Kurambidzwa Kwakazara
Kudzora kutengeswa kweTungsten hakurevi kurambidzwa zvachose kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika asi kunosanganisira matanho akajairwa ekutarisira zvinhu zvine chekuita netungsten. Vanotumira zvinhu izvi vanofanirwa kunyorera mvumo kubva kuvakuru vezvekutengeserana vane hunyanzvi veState Council zvichienderana neMutemo weExport Control neMitemo yeExport Control yeDual-Use Items. Kutengeswa kwezvinhu izvi kunotenderwa chete kana zvatevedzerwa uye zvabvumidzwa.
Mhedzisiro Inogona Kuitika Pamusika Wemuno
Zvinoenderana nedata kubva kuTungsten-Molybdenum Cloud Commerce Platform, kutengeswa kweammonium paratungstate (APT), tungsten trioxide, uye tungsten carbide ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha mukutengesa kwese kwetungsten:
- Kutengeswa kweAPT muna 2023 na2024 kwaive matani angangoita 803 nematani 782, zvichiteerana, chimwe nechimwe chichiita inenge 4% yehuwandu hwese hwetungsten hwakatumirwa kunze kwenyika.
- Kutengeswa kweTungsten trioxide kwaive matani angangoita 2,699 muna 2023 uye matani 3,190 muna 2024, zvichiwedzera kubva pa14% kusvika pa17% yezvese zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika.
- Kutengeswa kweTungsten carbide kunze kwenyika kwaive matani angangoita 4,433 muna 2023 uye matani 4,147 muna 2024, zvichiramba zvine chikamu che22%.
Kuitwa kwekutonga kwekutengesa tungsten kunze kwenyika kuchaita kuti zvinhu izvi zvitariswe zvakanyanya uye zvibvumidzwe, zvingangokanganisa mashandiro evamwe vanotumira kunze kwenyika. Zvisinei, tichifunga nezvehuwandu hushoma hwezvinhu izvi zvinodzorwa mukutengesa tungsten kunze kwenyika, kukanganisa kwese pamusika wekutengesa tungsten uye mafambiro emitengo kunotarisirwa kuva kushoma. Mutemo uyu unogona zvakare kukurudzira mabhizinesi kuti atarise pakuvandudza tekinoroji uye mhando yezvigadzirwa kuti vasangane zviri nani nezvinodiwa nemusika wemuno newepasi rose.
Kukosha kweTungsten muhurongwa
Kunyunguduka kwakanyanya kweTungsten, kuomarara, kufambiswa kwemhepo, uye kuramba ngura kunoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha mumaindasitiri epasi rose. Mukugadzirwa kwesimbi, tungsten inowedzera simba, kuomarara, uye kuramba kupfeka, izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumichina nekuvaka. Mumagetsi, chinhu chakakosha chezvinhu, matambo edunhu akabatanidzwa, uye filaments dzechinyakare. Mundege, tungsten alloys dzakakosha kumabhura einjini nemaroketi, zvichitsigira kuongorora muchadenga. Muhondo, tungsten alloys dzakakosha pakuboora zvombo, zvikamu zvezvombo, uye zvombo, zvichikanganisa zvakananga kugona kwekudzivirira kwenyika. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti tungsten inowanikwa zvakanaka mudzimba kwakakosha kukuchengetedzwa kwenyika.
Migumisiro Yenguva Pfupi Nerefu
Munguva pfupi, kudzora kutengesa kunze kwenyika kuchaderedza kuwanikwa kwetungsten muChina kumisika yepasi rose, zvichigona kukanganisa kuenzana kwenguva refu kwekudiwa kwetungsten uye kuwedzera mitengo yetungsten yepasi rose nekuda kwekuderera kwekuda. Nekufamba kwenguva, kudzora uku kuchakurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri, kukurudzira mari muR&D, kushandiswa zvakanaka kwezviwanikwa, uye kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvinokosha kuti China iwedzere simba rayo muindasitiri yetungsten.
Nhamba dzeTungsten dzepasi rose
Sekureva kweUSGS, matura epasi rose etungsten muna 2023 aive matani angangoita mamiriyoni 4.4, akawedzera ne15.79% gore negore, China ichiita 52.27% (mamiriyoni 2.3 matani). Kugadzirwa kwetungsten pasi rose kwaive matani zviuru makumi manomwe nezvisere, kuderera ne2.26%, China ichipa 80.77% (matani zviuru makumi matanhatu nematatu). Ruzivo rwetsika rwekuChina runoratidza kutengeswa kwetungsten kwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira tungsten ores, tungstic acid, tungsten trioxide, tungsten carbides, nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvetungsten zvakasiyana-siyana. Muna 2024, China yakatumira kunze matani 782.41 eAPT (akaderera ne2.53%, 4.06% yezvese zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika), matani 3,189.96 etungsten trioxide (akakwira ne18.19%, 16.55% yezvese zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika), uye matani 4,146.76 etungsten carbide (akaderera ne6.46%, 21.52% yezvese zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika).
CHENGDU HUAXIN CEMENTED CARBIDE CO., LTD inyanzvi mupi wezvigadzirwa zve tungsten carbide, zvakaita semapanga ekugadzira matanda e carbide, mapanga e carbide denderedzwa ekuchekerera matanda efodya nefodya, mapanga akatenderera ekuchekerera makadhibhodhi ane corugat, mapanga e razor ane maburi matatu/mashizha ane maburi ekurongedza, tepi, kucheka firimu rakatetepa, mapanga ekucheka fiber eindasitiri yemachira nezvimwewo.
Nemakore anopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu ekuvandudzwa, zvigadzirwa zvedu zvakatumirwa kuUS A, Russia, South America, India, Turkey, Pakistan, Australia, Southeast Asia nezvimwewo. Nemhando yepamusoro uye mitengo inokwikwidzana, maitiro edu ekushanda nesimba uye kupindura zvinotenderwa nevatengi vedu. Uye tinoda kutanga hukama hutsva hwebhizinesi nevatengi vatsva.
Taura nesu nhasi uye muchanakidzwa nemabhenefiti emhando yepamusoro uye masevhisi kubva kuzvigadzirwa zvedu!
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-04-2025
