The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), yakasainwa kuva mutemo neMutungamiriri wenyika, VaJoe Biden, muna Nyamavhuvhu 15, ine mari inodarika mabhiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu emadhora muzvirongwa zvine chinangwa chekurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze mumakore gumi anotevera. Iyo yakawanda yemamiriro ekunze package ndeye federal tax rebate inosvika madhora zviuru zvinomwe nemazana mashanu pakutenga kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari dzemagetsi, kusanganisira dzakashandiswa dzakagadzirwa kuNorth America.
Musiyano wakakosha kubva kune yapfuura EV incentives ndewekuti kuti ukwanise kuwana chikwereti chemutero, maEV emangwana haafanire kuunganidzwa muNorth America chete, asi zvakare kugadzirwa kubva kumabhatiri anogadzirwa mukati kana munyika dzekutengesa mahara. zvibvumirano neUS zvakaita seCanada neMexico. Mutemo mutsva uyu une chinangwa chekukurudzira vagadziri vemotokari dzemagetsi kuti vashandure cheni dzavo dzekutakura kubva kunyika dzichiri kusimukira kuenda kuUS, asi vemukati meindasitiri vari kushamisika kana shanduko ichiitika mumakore mashoma anotevera, sekutarisira kwainotarisirwa nehutungamiriri, kana kwete zvachose.
Iyo IRA inoisa zvirambidzo pazvikamu zviviri zvemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi: zvikamu zvadzo, sebhatiri uye electrode inoshanda zvinhu, uye zvicherwa zvinoshandiswa kugadzira izvo zvikamu.
Kutanga gore rinouya, maEV anokodzera anozoda inokwana hafu yemidziyo yebhatiri kuti igadzirwe kuNorth America, ne40% yemabhatiri ezvigadzirwa zvinobva kuUS kana vadyidzani vayo. Pakazosvika 2028, iyo yakaderera muzana inodiwa ichawedzera gore negore kusvika 80% yebhatiri raw materials uye 100% yezvikamu.
Vamwe vanogadzira mota, kusanganisira Tesla neGeneral Motors, vatanga kugadzira mabhatiri avo kumafekitori muUS neCanada. Tesla, semuenzaniso, iri kugadzira rudzi rutsva rwebhatiri pachirimwa chayo cheNevada icho chinofanirwa kunge chine rebei kureba kupfuura iro riri kutorwa kunze kwenyika kubva kuJapan parizvino. Uku kusanganisa kwakamira kunogona kubatsira vagadziri vemotokari yemagetsi kupasa IRA bhatiri kuyedzwa. Asi dambudziko chairo nderekuti kambani inowana kupi zvigadzirwa zvemabhatiri.
Mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi anowanzo gadzirwa kubva nickel, cobalt uye manganese (zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvecathode), graphite (anode), lithium nemhangura. Inozivikanwa se "hombe nhanhatu" yeindasitiri yemabhatiri, migodhi nekugadziriswa kwezvicherwa izvi zvinonyanya kudzorwa neChina, iyo iyo Biden manejimendi yakatsanangura se "imwe yekunze ine hanya." Chero mota yemagetsi inogadzirwa mushure me2025 ine zvinhu kubva kuChina inozobviswa kubva kumubatanidzwa mutero wechikwereti, sekureva kweIRA. Mutemo unonyora anopfuura makumi matatu emabhatiri zvicherwa zvinosangana nekugadzirwa kwezana.
Makambani ehurumende yeChina ane zvikamu makumi masere kubva muzana zvepasi rose zvekugadzira cobalt uye zvinodarika zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zvenickel, manganese negraphite refineries. "Ukatenga mabhatiri kubva kumakambani ari kuJapan neSouth Korea, sezvinoitwa nevazhinji vanogadzira mota, pane mukana wakanaka mabhatiri ako aine zvinhu zvakadzokororwa kuChina," akadaro Trent Mell, mukuru mukuru weElectra Battery Materials, kambani yekuCanada inotengesa zvinhu zvepasi rose. yakagadziriswa cobalt. Mugadziri wemotokari yemagetsi.
“Vagadziri vemotokari vangangoda kugadzira mota dzemagetsi dzakawanda dzinokodzera mutero wechikwereti. Asi ndekupi kwavachawana vanokwanisa vatengesi vemabhatiri? Parizvino, vagadziri vemotokari havana sarudzo, "akadaro Lewis Black, CEO weAlmonty Industries. Kambani iyi ndeimwe yevatengesi vakati wandei kunze kweChina ye tungsten, imwe chicherwa chinoshandiswa mune anodes uye cathodes yemamwe mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi kunze kweChina, kambani yakati. (China inodzora pamusoro pe80% yepasi rose tungsten supply). Almonty migodhi uye maitiro muSpain, Portugal neSouth Korea.
Kutonga kweChina mumidziyo yebhatiri mhedzisiro yemakumi emakore ehukasha hurumende mutemo nekudyara - kusahadzika kwevatema kunogona kudzokororwa zviri nyore munyika dzekuMadokero.
"Mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, China yakagadzira bhatiri raw material recheni," akadaro Black. "Munyika dzekuMadokero, kuvhura migodhi mitsva kana yekuchenesa oiri kunogona kutora makore masere kana kupfuura."
Mell weElectra Battery Materials akati kambani yake, yaimbozivikanwa seCobalt First, ndiyo yekuNorth America chete inogadzira cobalt yemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi. Iyo kambani inogamuchira crude cobalt kubva kumugodhi weIdaho uye iri kuvaka nzvimbo yekunatsa muOntario, Canada, inotarisirwa kutanga kushanda mukutanga kwe2023. Electra iri kuvaka yechipiri nickel refinery muruwa rweCanada rweQuebec.
"North America inoshaya simba rekugadzirisa zvinhu zvebhatiri. Asi ndinotenda kuti bhiri iri richakurudzira kutenderera kutsva kwekudyara mumabhatiri ekutenga cheni, ”akadaro Meyer.
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Nguva yekutumira: Aug-31-2022
